User:Foghe/Constitutions of Italy

The Constitution of Italy (Italian: Costituzione italiana) is the body of all constitutional law of the Italian Republic. It is distributed over a number of different legislative instruments; its various parts are the three x|Constitutional Charters, which include the most important constitutional provisions, and the other forty-three complementary Constitutional laws.

The three Constitutional Charters are the following (in italics the original name), with the date of first enforcement:
 * First Constitutional Charter (Prima Carta costituzionale): March 4, 1848.
 * Second Constitutional Charter (Seconda Carta costituzionale): January 1, 1948.
 * x|Third Constitutional Charter (Terza Carta costituzionale): February 29, 2048.

The first, written during the revolutions of 1848, was inherited from the Kingdom of Sardinia, of which Victor Emmanuel II was king, and lasted almost unchanged until the consolidation of the fascist regime, between 1925 and 1943–48. Initially it was the supreme law only of the Kingdom of Sardinia until 1859–60, when it was extended to the entire new country just established.

The second was drafted one century later by the new republican Government, established after a referendum that abolished the Savoyan monarchy and restored democracy. The text was written by a Constituent Assembly of 555 members, specifically elected by the People for the purpose.

The third, promulgated another century later, is based on the model of the U.S. Constitution and is founded on the principles of liberty, federalism and presidentialism. It is composed of ten articles, with a very short introductive preamble. It was approved by the People on April 21, 2047 with a referendum, held on the 2800th anniversary of the foundation of Rome and of the creation of its very first Senate.

Original draft
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Italian unification
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Fascist period
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Constituent assembly
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Amendments and proposed modifications
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Replacement
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Original proposals
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Drafting
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Ratification
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