User:Fraenir/Draft2

a mechanism in which the paternal lineage is cloned. through the cloning of paternal genome by fertilization of a non-nucleate egg or by fertilization of oocytes and the expelling of the polar bodies of the maternal nucleus. The maternal mitochondrial DNA and organelles are preserved.

genetically asexual,

Androgenesis is a form of sexual parasitism. The majority of sexual parasitism occurs with the elimination of the paternal nuclear; in androgenesis the reverse occurs; it is the maternal nuclear that is expelled.

Allows the parasitical use the eggs of other species.

Invasive species, prevention of genetic population bottlenecks/inbreeding. Higher occurrence of androgenesis in species with both androgenetic and sexual reproductive methods when acting as an invasive species.

Was not until ? that androgenesis was identified to occur in nature in animals. Directly observed in : inferred for xyz.

unlike male hybridogenesis, where the paternal line is hybrid, the paternal line results in a full paternal clone in androgenesis.

androgenesis occurs in context with female hybridogenesis, only way to pass down paternal genome.

Spontaneous androgenesis has been observed in the lab in haplodiplo animals, more commonly in plants. more frequent in hybrids - impaired meiosis -> increase in non-nucleated eggs -> good environment for androgenesis.

Mosaic androgenesis: gynandromorphy can result in parts of the tissue being androgenetic.

Artificial androgenesis: egg is intentionally damaged and rendered non-nucleated. used in salmon aquaculture (salmon farming).

rare transient phenonomenon. androgenesis through fertilization of non-nucleate is healthier than androgenesis through elimination of female nuclear. can result in extinction in gonochorists through elimination of the female line; less likely with hermaphroditism.