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Background
New Melle was the location for many German settlers which began in 1839. St. Paul's congregation was formed in 1844. Rev. Hermann Flick became the first permanent pastor three years later in 1847. Flick was from German Hanover and has studied at Goettingen before immigrating to America in 1846. Although he eventually moved on from him role as Pastor of St. Paul's to join other congregations in other cities, included St. Louis, Detroit and Boston and he later become known in the Lutheran community for his poetry, writing as well as authorship of the hymn Gehe auf, du Trost der Heiden (English: Rise, Thou Light of Gentile Nations). He also wrote Das Lutherbuch oder leben und thaten des theuren Mannes Gottes, Dr. Martin Luther which would become a basic test in Lutheran schools across the country.

Construction
St. Paul's was built in 1860 by A. Carl Schlottmann.

Congregation split
In 1853 St. Paul's split over split over doctrinal issues. Most of the member left and joined St. Peter's congregation which took over residence in the St. Paul's church building. The remaining members of St. Paul's reestablished on a small plot of land in the area of the old cemetery, east of the old building. However it took three year for a new church building to be fully constructed in 1855.

In 1858 New Melle was home to two Lutheran Churches in – St. Peter's and St. Paul's.  St. Paul ’s congregation joined the Missouri Synod. That same year the St. Peter’s Congregation built a new church of native stone (the building that is now St. Paul's).

Reunited
In 1868, they reunited and became St. Paul's Missouri Synod Lutheran Church. St. Peters Lutheran Church (1860-1868).

Architecture and description
St. Paul's was built in a stone construction style, which was true for all 19th century architecture in German settlement areas in Missouri. The availability of the stone along with the traditions and skills of the German settlers made this vernacular construction type the prefer choice.

Organ
The church organ was installed in the balcony and was purpose-built for St. Paul's. It is a Pfeffer tracker action pipe organ that was constructed by the John G. Pfeffer Organ Company based out of St. Louis. The company was founded in 1860 by John G. Pfeffer. The organ is still in use and is one of only two such organ known to exist and be operational. The organ has 569 wood and metal pipes and can produce 54 notes. It also has a pedal coppel, calcant, forte and piano pedals. It has "unusual features" including square stop shanks, vertical stop jambs and a hinged front door.