User:Francescofontana.santanna/sandbox

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) is a specific type of treatment that can be used for therapeutic purposes. It exploits low intensity and pulsed mechanical waves in order to induce regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects on biological tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and tendon. Even if the real mechanism underlying its effectiveness has not been understood yet, it is plausible that the treatment relies on non-thermal phenomena, such as microbubbles and microjets induced by cavitation, acoustic streaming, and mechanical stimulation. In vitro experiments have confirmed the LIPUS capability to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation as well as the opening of cell membrane channels. Neuromodulation has been experimentally explored with LIPUS treatment on traumatic brain injury, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer disease.

Homework

In biomechanics The recent development of inertial measurement units based on MEMS technology has allowed to use them in the biomechanics field. Indeed, this kind of IMUs results wearable, safe, not cumbersome and compatible with applications on the human body. Even if the actual gold standard for human motion analysis are optoelectronic systems, IMUs shown good accuracies in monitoring both daily human activities, such as gait or sports performance, and outcomes of a rehabilitative process in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Here again the attitude is estimated by using digital filters (i.e., Mahony, Madgwick or Kalman filters), which combine information on acceleration and angular velocities (and local magnetic field eventually) to extract the spatial location of the sensors. In this framework, it is possible to estimate the articular joint angles by locating the IMUs in correspondence of the body segments.