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From Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Dr. Víctor Manuel Blanco Nacimiento 10 de marzo de 1918 Guayama, Puerto Rico Muerte	8 de marzo de 2011 (92) Vero Beach, Florida Nacionalidad	Puertorriqueño Ocupación	científico, astronomo Notas Blanco descubrió "Blanco 1", un cúmulo de galaxias, en 1959. El telescopio Víctor M. Blanco en el Observatorio Interamericano Cerro Tololo fue nombrado en su honor. Dr. Víctor Manuel Blanco PhD (marzo 10, 1918 – Marzo 8, 2011) fue un astronomo puertorriqueño que en 1959 descubrió "Blanco 1", un cúmulo de galaxias.[1][2] Blanco fue el segundo director del Observatorio Interamericano Cerro Tololo en Chile, que tiene el telecopio más grande en el hemisferio sur por ese tiempo.[3] En 1995, el telescopio fue dedicado en su honor y nombrado Telescopio Victor M. Blanco ; también es conocido como el "Blanco 4m."[4] Contenido [hide] 1 Primeros Años 2 IIda Guerra Mundial 3 Carrera como astronomo 4 Logros 5 Telescopio Víctor M. Blanco 6 Trabajos Ecritos y membresías académicas 7 Muerte 8 Véase También 9 Referencias

Blanco fue uno de nueve hermanos nacidos en la ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico de Felipe Blanco, policía, y Adelfa Pagán, ama de casa. Victor recivió su educación primaria y secundaria en su ciudad natal. Cuando niño, Blanco continuamente se preguntaba acerca de las estrellas y constuyó un telescopió en el patio de su casa, de ahí su interé a la astronomía. Entró a la Universidad de Puerto Rico para estudiar medicina pero, luego de algún tiempo en la universidad, Blanco decidió estudiar astronomía y se mudó a la ciudad de Chicago. Donde logró logró entrar a la Universidad de Chicago, pero entró a la milicia

He entered the University of Chicago, but was drafted into the military before he finished college.[5] [edit]World War II

During World War II, Blanco served in the US Army Air Force in the Pacific Theater. His duties in the military required that he repair and tune radar detectors. This permitted him to study atmospheric effects on radar waves. After being discharged from the military, he was granted college credit for his wartime work, and returned briefly to the University of Chicago where he earned a Bachelors of Science degree.[6] [edit]Career as an Astronomer

Blanco was employed by the University of Puerto Rico as an assistant professor of astrometry, until he was recruited in 1948 to assist in polishing, calibrating and maintaining the mirrors of the 200-inch Hale telescope in California. He entered the University of California, Berkeley, where he continued his studies and earned his Masters degree and, in 1949, his Doctorate in astronomy.[7] In 1949, he returned to Puerto Rico and reassumed his duties at the University of Puerto Rico.[8] Blanco later served as the Director of the Astrometry and Astrophysics Division of the United States Naval Observatory.[6] The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) provides a wide range of astronomical data and products, and serves as the official source of time for the U.S. Department of Defense and the standard of time for the entire United States.[9] He also served in Java, Indonesia for UNESCO in the position of astronomer. [edit]Accomplishments

The Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, also known as "The Blanco 4m" In 1959, while serving as a professor of astrophysics at the Case Institute of Technology (renamed Case Western Reserve University in 1967) in Cleveland, Ohio,[3] Blanco discovered an open cluster. It was named ""Blanco 1" in his honor, and has a blue star Zeta Sculptoris in the center of its constellation.[1] According to The Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Blanco 1 exhibits subsolar ratios that are not observed among nearby field stars.[10] Together with his wife Betty, Blanco and Martin McCarthy conducted pioneering research into the stellar population in the central regions of our galaxy, and in the Magellanic Clouds. They discovered the change in the ratio of carbon stars to M-type stars from the nuclear bulge of our galaxy, in relation to both Large Magellanic Clouds and Small Magellanic Clouds.[3] In July 1967, Blanco became the second director of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). Located in Cerro Tololo mountain, Chile and founded in 1963, it is part of the National (U.S.) Optical Astronomy Observatory known as "NOAO." Blanco assembled the scientific, engineering, and technical staff from scratch.[3] When Blanco arrived at CTIO, there was a 60-inch telescope in operation. During his tenure the University of Michigan's 0.6-m Curtis Schmidt moved there in 1967, CTIO installed a 0.9-m reflector in 1967 and a 1.5-m reflector in 1968, and Yale University's 1-m reflector was installed there in 1973.[11] In addition to these university installations, Blanco played a central role in persuading various agencies to participate in the construction of a four-meter telescope. During its construction, Blanco personally oversaw the alignment and calibration of the telescope. The telescope, which is the southern twin of the four-meter instrument at Kitt Peak National Observatory, opened in 1974. This four-meter telescope (also known as a "4-m") became the most productive telescope in the Southern Hemisphere.[3] As director of CTIO, Blanco also maintained excellent relations with the Chilean astronomical community and the Chilean public at large. His tenure spanned the presidencies of Eduardo Frei Montalva, Salvador Allende, and Augusto Pinochet.[3] Blanco was director of CTIO until 1981, when he was succeeded by Dr. Osmer.[4] [edit]Víctor M. Blanco Telescope

Main article: Víctor M. Blanco Telescope On October 15, 1985, Dr. E. Bowell discovered a main belt asteroid with an orbital period of 1571.4391974 days (4.30 years) which he named 9550 Victorblanco in honor of Blanco.[12] On 8 September 1995, in a well-attended mountaintop ceremony, the CTIO 4-m telescope was officially named the Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, also known as "The Blanco 4m." Amongst its many uses, this telescope is used to study cosmic acceleration - the possibility that our universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. At the main entrance to the building a large bronze plaque reads,[3] in both Spanish and English: Telescopio Víctor M. Blanco

En reconocimiento a los años de destacada labor y servicio en Cerro Tololo.

In appreciation for many years of outstanding leadership and service at CTIO. [edit]Written works and academic memberships

Blanco was the co-author of many articles in astrophysics including: Telescopes, Red Stars, and Chilean Skies, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 39: 1-18 (Volume publication date September 2001).[13] Carbon stars, Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica (ISSN 0185-1101), vol. 19, Dec. 1989, p. 25-37.[14] Late type giants in Large Magellanic Cloud, Nature 258, 407 - 408 (4 December 1975); doi:10.1038/258407a0.[15] Basic Physics of the Solar System, V. M. Blanco and S. W. McCuskey. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1961. xii + 307 pp.[16] He was a member of the International Astronomical Union in the following divisions[17]: Division IX Commission 25 Stellar Photometry & Polarimetry Division VII Commission 33 Structure & Dynamics of the Galactic System Division IV Commission 45 Stellar Classification Division XII Commission 50 Protection of Existing & Potential Observatory Sites Division IV Stars Division VII Galactic System Division IX Optical & Infrared Techniques Division XII Union-Wide Activities [edit]Death

Blanco died on March 8, 2011 at Vero Beach, Florida. He was survived by his wife of 42 years, Betty Blanco; a son, Daniel Blanco; a stepson, David Mintz; and a stepdaughter, Elizabeth Vitell.[18] [edit]See also

Puerto Rico portal List of famous Puerto Ricans Puerto Rican scientists and inventors Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory List of largest optical reflecting telescopes National Optical Astronomy Observatory Víctor M. Blanco Telescope [edit]References

^ a b El Escultor de las Galaxias (Spanish) ^ Sculptor of Galaxy (English) ^ a b c d e f g NOAO NEWS ^ a b Brief History of THE CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY ^ "Victor Blanco, Stargazer, Dies at 92"; New York Times; By: DENNIS OVERBYE; Published: March 16, 2011 ^ a b Ildelfonso Lopez, Tras las Huellas de Nuestro Paso, Pg. 7, Publisher: AEELA, 1998. ^ Astronomy ^ Journal: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 363, p.274; Bibliographic Code: 1949PASP...61..274 ^ Naval Oceanography Portal ^ Revue / Journal Title Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ISSN 0035-8711 CODEN MNRAA4 ^ NOAO ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". NASA. Retrieved 2008-05-17. ^ Telescopes, Red Stars, and Chilean Skies ^ Carbon Stars ^ Late type giants in Large Magellanic Cloud ^ Basic Physics of the Solar System ^ Víctor M. Blanco ^ Obituary at Legacy.com