User:Freebeast24/sandbox

the thing is the thing oh super cool

A Grounded Theory Approach to Understanding Cultural Differences in Posttraumatic Growth

https://www-tandfonline-com.electra.lmu.edu/doi/full/10.1080/15325020600671949

What promotes post traumatic growth? A systematic review

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2020.100195

Cultural Differences
Preliminary studies show that there are few differences in post-traumatic growth between cultures. It is now apparent that many survivors of traumatic events come out with positive changes directly attributable to the traumatic event.

What promotes post traumatic growth?
Other studies have shown that there are other factors that have been shown to promote traumatic growth. In a meta-analysis, it was again shown that traumatic experiences can be catalysts for positive change. These changes can include improved relationships, new opportunities, a better outlook and appreciation for life, a greater sense of personal strength, and in some cases, new or renewed spiritual beliefs.

Factors that promote post-traumatic growth includes


 * Sharing negative emotions
 * Cognitive processing
 * Positive coping strategies, like positive reappraisal
 * Personality traits like agreeableness
 * Experiencing multiple sources of trauma
 * Event centrality

A few studies have drawn positive correlations between post-traumatic growth and support for aggressive behaviour.

Another four-factor model describes the overarching dimensions of post-traumatic growth, each with separate facets. They are


 * 1) Personal Strength - the sense of survival after the negative consequences of the event, and the notion that the event was used as a trigger of new self-efficacy. The three facets of personal strength are 1. self as survivor, 2. independence, 3. and self-efficacy/coping. The trauma is perceived as a turning point where the individual gains a sense of independence through their ability to cope with the event.
 * 2) Effortful reinvention of the self - the most frequently found dimension of the four. This dimension has four facets: 1. the decision to change, 2. eliminating the negatives, 3. fostering the positives, and 4. Respect for the self
 * 3) Focus on life's positives - relates to the process of being appreciative of what life presents, regardless of what negative things happen to you. The three facets for this dimension are 1. appreciation of the little things, 2. value for life, and 3. positive appraisals.
 * 4) Compassion - the focus is on being supportive of the people who have/ are experiencing similar events. This dimension has three facets, 1. desire to help others, 2. empathy, 2. understanding.

Gender Differences in Post-Traumatic Growth
Results from 70 studies show that there is a small to moderate gender difference (effect size was 0.27), with women reporting more posttraumatic growth than men. The only other significant predictor was age, as older women report incrementally more posttraumatic growth than younger women. Women also have a higher tendency to experience post-traumatic growth than men.

Cultural Differences in Post-Traumatic Growth
Studies that looked at PTG in other countries that had lower mean PTGI scores. A possible explanation for this is that PTG in other countries may not be completely or properly captured by the PTGI. For example, another study done in China found that a two-factor structure of PTG best fit the Chinese samples of cancer patients. This suggests that the original structure of PTGI and the Chinese structure aren’t fully aligned.

Other evidence that suggests this includes the fact that European samples are less likely to answer spirituality items and do not view religiousness as a strength. So, if the items in a questionnaire don’t fit with a culture’s idea of PTG, it is possible that we aren’t able to fully capture the scale of PTG in those countries. Culture/ country specific items and dimensions would need to be developed in order to fully capture PTG everywhere.