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Andrew Paul Gutiérrez

Gutiérrez was born January 25, 1940 in St. Johns, AZ, United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Johns,_Arizona ). He is an American/Italian biologist, ecologist, biological control specialist, and agricultural system analyst.

He graduated in zoology from Arizona State College, Flagstaff, AZ (1962) (see https://nau.edu/ ). He worked as a laboratory technician until 1965 when he entered graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley ( https://www.berkeley.edu/ ). He earned an MSc (1966) and PhD (1968) in ecology/entomology. He was the first student of Professor Robert van den Bosch (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_van_den_Bosch), the author of ‘The Pesticide conspiracy’. He studied animal behavior, ecology, entomology and became a specialist in biological control.[i]

Career development

During 1968-1970, Gutierrez was as a research scientist at CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia ( https://www.csiro.au/ ). He studies the regional dynamics and migration of the cowpea aphid and two viruses it vectors in pastures across SE Australia (1968-1970). He held three position after he returned from Australia in 1970. He was Assistant Professor at Purdue University (1970-1972), a post-doctoral fellow at the University of British Colombia working on aphid population ecology with Neil Gilbert (population dynamics), and later with Professor Robert van den Bosch at the Division of Biological Control at UC Berkeley (1972-1974) where he worked on the analysis of insecticide induced ecological disruption in cotton in the Great Central Valley of California. He became Assistant Professor at UC Davis (1974-1976), but returned to the Division of Biological Control at UC Berkeley in 1976 as Professor-I where he remained until retirement in 2008 as Emeritus Professor IX+. His major area of study was agroecosystem analysis. After retirement, he continues to be highly active in research. He founded and became CEO of the Center for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Kensington, CA (www.casasglobal.org). He leads a global team of researchers working on system analysis of agricultural crop systems as diverse as alfalfa, bumble bees, cassava, cotton, grape, coffee, cotton, olive, and screwworm. His extensive field and analysis research in cotton globally are especially noteworthy, and were the bases for all of his future work on crop system analysis. Gutiérrez is currently analyzing the bio-economics of hybrid Bt cotton in India that contribute to more than 300,000 farmers (all crops) committing suicide since 1995.[ii] Of particular recent interest has been collaborative studies on invasive insect pests and weeds in crops, and the effects of climate warming on these systems.[iii]  His work has been multi-disciplinary in fields as diverse as animal behavior, ecology, economics, plant pathology, population ecology, and system analysis and modeling.

He has published more than 270 scientific papers and edited and contributed to several books including editing Ecological Entomology (1998, second edition) with C.B Huffaker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl Barton_Huffaker)[iv]. His claimed forte is field ecology, but much of his research has focused on applied systems analysis of complex agricultural systems using methods summarized in his book titled Applied Population Ecology (1996) ( https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Applied+Population+Ecology%3A+A+Supply+Demand +Approach-p-9780471135869 )[v]. The methods have been implemented worldwide. He is best known for his development with Johann Baumgärtner (ETH, Zurich) of the physiologically based demographic model/metabolic pool (PBDM/MP) paradigm.[vi] This methodology captures the bioeconomics of energy acquisition and allocation by organisms including economic humans. These analyses were the bases for formulating the foundations bioeconomic, and for the analysis of the bioeconomy of individuals to multi-species populations across geographic space, time, and global change.[vii] The bioeconomics work owes much to the mutual influence of Prof. Uri Regev (Ben Gurion University, Beers Sheva, Israel). The physiological influence has early roots in the work C.T. de Wit and J. Goudriaan (Wageningen, The Netherlands)[viii]. The demographic influence is from Neil Gilbert (CSIRO, Australia; University of British Colombia, Canada).[ix] Gutierrez’s work with colleagues and former student on system analysis of invasive cassava pests in sub Saharan Africa was notable for its scale, importance and monumental success.[x]  Former UC post-doctoral fellow Hans Herren directed the project and was awarded the World Food Prize and others prizes.

Gutiérrez was founder of the University of California IPM Program ( http://ipm.ucanr.edu/ ), and was Associate Director of the National NSF/EPA/USDA funded IPM Projects (i.e. the Huffaker, Smith, Adkisson Projects). His research projects were voted exemplar by a President’s Council on Environmental Quality. He served as a US member of the International Institute Applied System Analysis (IIASA, Laxenberg, Austria); a member of IITA/Nigeria research group receiving King Baudouin Award; former member of the FAO Panel of Experts in IPM, Rome, Italy; member of various CGIAR and USAID committees. He was a NIH Fellow (1967-68), received the Robert van den Bosch Medal (2011), is a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society of London (FRES, 2017); and other awards. Gutiérrez has had numerous consultantship and taught courses in agroecosystem analysis globally.

His spouse, Marina Angel Pizzamiglio-Gutierrez (formerly of the 'Instituto Agronômico do Paraná' (IAPAR), Londrina, PR, Brasil) ( http://www.iapar.br/ )) is also an biologist (MSc, UC Berkeley). They have coauthored several scientific papers.

[i] Gutierrez, A. P. 1970. Studies on host selection and host specificity of the aphid hyperparasite Charips victrix (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). VI. A synopsis of host selection and a description of the sensory structures. Annals Ent. Soc. Amer. 63: 1705-1709.

[ii] Gutierrez, A.P., L. Ponti, H.R. Herren, J.U. Baumgärtner, and P.E. Kenmore (2015) Deconstructing Indian cotton: weather, yields, and suicides. 'Environmental Sciences Europe' 27:12 (17pages). http://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-015-0043-8 [Open Access]; Gutierrez, A.P., L. Ponti, and J. Baumgartner (2017) A critique on the paper ‘Agricultural biotechnology and crop productivity: macro-level evidences on contribution of Bt cotton in India.’ 'Current Science' (Proceedings of the National Academy of India) 112: 690-693.; Gutierrez, A.P. (2018) Hybrid Bt cotton: a stranglehold on subsistence farmers in India. Current Science 115(12) ( http://dx.doi:10.18520/cs/v115/i12/2206-2210 ); Gutierrez, Andrew Paul, Peter E. Kenmore and Aruna Rodrigues (2019) When biotechnologists lack objectivity. Current Science (National Academy of Science India) 117 (9): 1-8

[iii] Gutierrez, A.P., and L. Ponti (2013) Eradication of invasive species: why the biology matters. 'Environmental Entomology' 42(3): 395-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN12018 [Open Access]

[iv] Huffaker, C.B. and A. P. Gutierrez (editors). 1999. Ecological Entomology. 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons.

[v] Gutierrez, A. P. Applied population ecology: A supply-demand approach. 300p. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York, New York, USA; Chichester, England, UK. 1996.

[vi] Gutierrez AP. 1992 The physiological basis of ratio-dependent predator-prey theory: the metabolic pool model as a paradigm. Ecology 73, 1552–1563. ( http://dx.doi:10.2307/1940008

Gutierrez, A.P., S.J. Mills, S.J. Schreiber and C.K. Ellis 1994. A physiologically based tritrophic perspective on bottom up - top down regulation of populations. Ecology 75: 2227-2242.

[vii] Regev, U., A. P. Gutierrez, S. J. Schreiber, and D. Zilberman. 1998. Biological and Economic Foundations of Renewable Resource Exploitation. Ecological Economics, 26: 227-242.; Gutierrez, A.P., Regev, U. 2005. The bioeconomics of tritrophic systems: applications to invasive species. Ecological Economics 52:382-396.; Gutierrez, A.P., and L. Ponti (2013) Eradication of invasive species: why the biology matters. 'Environmental Entomology' 42(3): 395-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN12018 [Open Access]

[viii] de Wit CT, Goudriaan J. 1978 Simulation of ecological processes. The Netherlands: PUDOC Publishers; Goudriaan J. 1973 Dispersion in simulation models of population growth and salt movement in the soil. ''Neth. J. Agric. Sci.'' 21, 269–281.

[ix] Gilbert N, Gutierrez AP, Frazer BD, Jones RE. 1976 Ecological Relationships. Reading and San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co.

[x] Critical issues in plant health: 50 years of research in African agriculture (eds P Neuenschwander, M Tamò), Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, Cambridge, UK. ( http://dx.doi:10.19103/AS.2018.0043.07 )