User:Frozenopossum/sandbox

For use with HIST 290 class.

How The Allies Prepared for D-Day
D-Day is arguably one of the most important days in history. The planning of this invasion was extremely complex and always changing. There were so many aspects that went into the planning of the invasion. Important aspects were Intelligence gathering, supplies, and the invasion plan. One important form of intelligence gathering was the deciphering of the German codes. The Allied forces were alble to intercept and brake these codes, almost every German code that was sent crossed Northern Europe could be intercepted. . The Allies used England basically as a home base during the war simply for its close proximity to Nazi controlled Europe. Prior to the invasion the Allies stockpiled supplies in many different locations around England. . Something that was really important for the Allies to take into account when planning the invasion was knowing the geography of the beaches of Normandy. The Allies needed to take into account what the beaches looked like so that they could accurately prepare and know what strategies to use. Obviously the Germans were going to have the high ground when the Allies arrived, so the Allies prepared accordingly. The Allies victory of D-Day is basically a turning point in the war and led the Allies to victory in the war as they continued to push the Germans back west and was able to liberate much of Europe.

Great Depression and its impact of ordinary Americans
On Black Tuesday, October 29,1929, the American stock market crashed and put an end to economic prosperity in America and marked the beginning of the Great Depression. The Great Depression caused Americans to face a decade of economic turmoil that caused poverty, unemployment, and homelessness. The loss of American enterprise caused mass unemployment across the United States, which had a chain reaction to American’s standard of living. One out of four Americans were unemployed. Others who were still employed worked mostly part time positions for low wages. In 1933, unemployment had reached twenty-five percent. If people were able to find work, the low wages would not be enough to support themselves and their families. Because of unemployment and low wages American families were suffering from poverty. Americans struggled to afford necessities like food, clothing, and shelter for their families. Soup kitchens opened to feed the unemployed hot meals. The lack of income caused poverty which caused thousands of American families to lose their homes during the Great Depression. People were unable to afford their mortgage payments and foreclosed on their homes. Those who lost their homes took residence is shanty towns also referred to as Hoovervilles. They are named Hoovervilles after President Herbert Hoover who was blamed for the Great Depression. Homeless shelters were also established in cities around the country. The Great Depression affected the American standard of living for nearly ten years before the beginning of World War II, which essentially ended the Depression.

Religious rebellion of Jan Hus in 1400s central Europe
One of the major concerns for Bohemian church reformers during the 1400s was the perceived avarice within the church. At the time, the Catholic Church was perceived as inordinately wealthy, and the sales of indulgences did not help this perception. One of the most prominent critics of the church within Bohemia during the early 1400s was a preacher named Jan Hus. He spoke out against Catholic priests who seemed to focus their efforts towards obtaining luxuries and not spreading Christianity. This belief would eventually become more pronounced as the Hussite wars began, although primarily on the part of the radical Hussites. These factions, led by the Taborites and Orebites, were puritanical and often razed Catholic churches and monasteries.

Another major concern for the Bohemian Reformers was the necessity of the Utraquist for salvation. Utraquism refers to the serving of both wine and bread to the laity during the Eucharist. The Catholic church at the time only permitted the serving of bread to the laity, not the serving of wine. The major proponent of Utraquism was Jakoubek of Stribro, one of Jan Hus’ contemporaries.

Women in late 19th century US unions
When it came to joining a union, there were no real unifying experiences for women. In unions run by men, they were subject to their approval and the individual views these men shared about the idea of the working woman. The idea of approval by men played out very differently in each union or labor organization. When it came to the International Worker of the World, as known as the IWW, with union members sometimes being referred to as “Wobblies,” they were extremely open to the idea of including women of all backgrounds into their ranks. Women were not hidden away in the organization instead they were often on the front lines marching as union members or as active supporters to their husbands, sons, and friends; this is best exemplified through the women who marched in 1912 and participated in the “War of Grays Harbor,” a lumber strike in Washington state. Women also played large roles as leaders within the IWW. Some famous examples include Lucy Parsons, Mother Jones, and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. These women were involved in the leadership side of the IWW, the political actions and protesting, as well as down on the front lines with union members.

Kindertransport in 1930s/40 from Nazi Germany and the impact on its participants
The Kindertransport was the event following Kristallnacht, taking place between 1938 and 1940 as a response to the horrible events of that night. In order to save the Jewish children in Germany, they put them onto trains and boats and sent them to Great Britain to live with new families, as it was safer for them overall. The Kindertransport had both a positive and negative impact on its participants.

Even with all the positives that came from the Kindertransport, it was such a traumatizing experience for those involved, as these innocent children had to be told why they were ripped from their families, not knowing there was a high chance they would never see them again. Most people would say this was a better outcome for these children as they were still healthy and alive compared to millions of other children like Anne Frank, but is that really true when you think of all the trauma, bullying, and abuse these children endured in the years following the Kindertransport? These children and adults went through one of the most traumatizing and horrible events in history, and you bet they will definitely be traumatized and haunted by the knowledge and the stories they have from this time, as this kind of thing isn't going to be easy on anyone.

Social factors that contributed to the Satanic panic of the 1980s in US
The Satanic Panic occurred mainly in the United States during the 1980s as a result of conspiracy theories that alleged that Satanic cults were active and operating within institutions such as schools and daycare centres, as well as spreading their influence through popular media. The panic is thought to have began in 1980, coinciding with the release of Michelle Remembers, a book which details the childhood of the author, who alleges that she was a victim of ritual abuse and claims that Satanic cults are widespread in the US. The book was popular upon its release, and religious right and Christian groups perpetuated the conspiracy theories. However, my research supports the theory that the Satanic Panic was a manifestation of the social conflicts that were happening in America in the decade, namely the rise of the dual income household and the increase in the divorce rate, which conservative groups viewed as signaling the “moral decline” of the country. Popular culture of the time also played a major role in the panic, with the “backmasking” rumors reflecting adult fears of how popular media was influencing youths.

Relationship between Queen Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots
Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots did not have the greatest relationship with one another as there was always something that one would do that would cause strain to the relationship. Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I were in competition with one another over who is the legitimate heir to the English throne. This competition caused much turmoil between the two and their respective countries over who had the rightful and strongest claim to the throne Many Catholics wanted Mary on the throne of England and for the Pope to denounce Elizabeth I as a legitimate ruler since she was a bastard child where Mary was legitimate. But the Pope at the time never got the chance due to by the time a Pope came along who care about her legitimacy, Elizabeth had established the Church of England as Protestant through policy. The conspiracies that Mary was associated with did not aid the relationship in any way as these were conspiracies to either assassinate Elizabeth I or Mary’s second husband. It was Mary’s final conspiracy that ended the relationship though as she was put on trial for being involved in the Babington plot.

Women's roles in WWII in the US
The United States entered World War II in December of 1941. After this, most of the jobs that had been occupied by men had to be taken over by women. This ranged from factory work all the way to the military. Women in the military faced racial as well as gender discrimination. As stated by Merryman in her book, Clipped Wings, military groups such as the WASPs were only disbanded because of gender discrimination. Other women, who were dedicating their time and efforts to helping the war effort were doing so out of the motivation of feminism. Women who didn’t work were cited as helping through writing letters to men serving overseas in order to maintain their morale. All of this work was invaluable to the outcome of World War II as well as the development of women’s roles in the workforce.

Molly Merryman. Clipped Wings: The Rise and Fall of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) of World War II. New York and London: New York University Press, 1998. Mary Weaks-Baxter, Christine Brunn, and Catherine Forslund. We Are a College at War: Women Working for Victory in World War II. Carbondale (Ill.): Southern Illinois University Press, 2015. Litoff, Judy Barrett, and David C. Smith. “Writing Is Fighting, Too’: The World War II Correspondence of Southern Women.” The Georgia Historical Quarterly 76, no. 2 (1992): 436–58. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40582546. And “U.S. Women on the Home Front in World War II.” The Historian 57, no. 2 (1995): 349–60. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24448983.

Lebanese immigration to the U.S. in the early 20th century
New legislation restricted the number of immigrants entering the country in the early 1920s. Here's a reference copied & pasted from Worldcat (MLA format) using the Basic template. Here's the same reference entered automatically using the ISBN. And here's the same reference entered manually using the Book template (I wikilinked the publisher name by putting double square brackets around it).