User:Fruit$alad/Raewyn Connell

MASCULINITY:

Hegemonic masculinity, a theory developed by Raewyn Connell, has had a significant impact on feminist sociology. In their critique of the sex-role theory (Kessler et al. 1982, 1985), Connell and her coworkers claim that the emphasis on internalized norms, attitudes, and behaviors obscures structural inequalities and power dynamics and misrepresents the gendering process. Although these ideas became of popular belief, many critiques arose as well. Connell and Messerschmidt (2005) collaborated on a piece to address these criticisms and what they saw as misreadings. Connell contends that, in response to the worry that her theory creates a fixed typology, (Hearn and Collinson 1994; Whitehead 2002) the best course of action is to stick with the relational approach, rather than reject the notion of various masculinities (Connell and Messerschmidt 2005). In their critique of the sex-role theory (Kessler et al. 1982, 1985), Connell and her co-authors claim that the emphasis on internalized norms, attitudes, and behaviors of society obscures structural inequalities and power dynamics and misrepresents the gendering process. For instance, girls and women are frequently expected to behave politely, be accommodating, and be caring. Men are typically supposed to be powerful, combative, and fearless. Gender role expectations exist in every country, ethnic group, and culture, although they can vary greatly among them. (MASCULINITIES R. W Connell).

Southern theory:

Due to their distinct histories and cultural traditions from those of the imperial centre, feminists and gender researchers, as well as scholars working in the global south are likely to stress various social experiences when thinking about gender. In addition, when individuals continually explore beyond the mainstream circuits, new frontiers of feminist theory open up; in other words, colonized and postcolonial societies also develop theories of gender, resulting in a more global, macroscopic awareness. Connell and Messerschmidt collaborated on a piece, (“Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept,” 2005) in response to the skepticism about the outcome that at her theory creates a fixed typology, (Hearn and Collinson 1994; Whitehead 2002). In addition to supporting the categorization of her theories, Connell emphasizes the relationship between men and emotions. Connell argues that in today's society, men may be so emotionally disconnected that they are not conscious of their emotional states, such as depression. Many males have learned from their parents, friends, or other peers that they should not show emotion as it can be seen as a weakness. Once these boys become adults, they have developed the ability to suppress their emotional responses, such as crying or even sad facial expressions, to the point where they are really unaware of these emotions and unable to connect with them. One gender cannot be examined in isolation from another and emphasizes that there are disparities among males, even though neither one chooses the Postmodern practice of completely undermining this concept. Connell's writings emphasize the heterogeneous nature of masculinity. In contrast to feminism, masculine politics, according to Connell, cannot be a political movement. Women's marginalized identities frequently undergo positive evaluation on the part of feminists. On the other hand, authors on masculinity are almost always critical of the benefits that come with being a man.