User:Furicorn/sandbox

The Mindfulness Awareness Research Center was founded around 2011 at UCLA in order to "foster mindful awareness across the lifespan through education and research to promote well-being and a more compassionate society." The center offer mindfulness classes and workshops to the general public and tools and classes to support mental health professionals, and publicizes research about the scientific benefits of mindfulness, brings mindfulness to UCLA medical professionals. MARC developed a evidence-based mindfulness education curriculum called Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPs).

Parliament of England (pre-1707) MP stubs

 * 13th-century English MPs - 19 stubs https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=5143299
 * 14th-century English MPs - 441 stubs https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=5143355
 * Maybe suggest upmerged templates of Parliaments of Edwards I, II, III, Richard II, and Henry IV?
 * 15th-century English MPs - 425 stubs https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=5143867
 * 16th-century English MPs - 1291 stubs https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=5143871
 * 17th-century English MPs - 896 stubs https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=5143872
 * 18th-century English MPs - 213 stubs https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=5143874
 * Parliaments of Henry III - 0 stubs (MPs not categorized that far back) https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=5143010
 * Parliaments of Charles I - 188 stubs https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=5143007

Regions of Algeria


Category:Algeria geography stubs

Five regions, based on tourism regions
 * 1) Central
 * 2) Northwest
 * 3) Northeast
 * 4) Saharan Atlas
 * 5) Saharan

History
From version 185061494 of |Partei für gemäßigten Fortschritt in den Schranken der Gesetze.



Founding
According to the statements of the party leader Hašek, the party was founded in 1904 in the restaurant "The Golden Liter," (Czech: Zlatý litr) in Prague's Vinohrady quarter. Other participants were the writer František Langer and the Prague Technikum official Eduard Drobílek, who came up with the idea and served as treasurer. The party name referred to the controversial Imperial Rescript dated September 12, 1871, in which the Bohemian Landtag, as the representative organ of Czech political power, was asked to contribute to "the contemporary constitutional order, in the spirit of moderation and reconciliation" The party was most likely founded as a direct response to the overly accommodating behavior of the Czech Social Democratic Party ("Evolution, not Revolution"), whose Prague representatives held events in Zlatý litr. The party slogan abbreviation was "SRK," which officially stood for "Solidarity, Rights and Comradeship," (German: "Solidarität, Recht und Kameradschaft") but in practice meant Slivovitz, Rum and Kontusovka. The party grew slowly. By their own account, there were only 8 members as of December 14, 1904. As time went on the membership grew to include a few lawyers and doctors, as well as numerous figures from Prague's cultural scene: the anarchist journalist and publisher Antonín Bouček; satirist, painter, and anarchist František Gellner, who served two stints as party secretary; writers and satirists includingKarel Toman, Josef Mach, Gustav Roger Opočenský, Louis Křikava, and Josef Skružný; the anarchist poet Josef Rosenzweig-Moir; the journalists Karel Pelant and Karel V. Rypáček; the illustrator Josef Lada; the ballet dancer Franz Wagner; "Hero of the Macedonian Uprising" and self-proclaimed Voivode Jan Klimeš, as well as the police commissioner Slabý, who served as "Enforcers" at party meetings.

There is no evidence the party engaged in any public activities until 1911. The only record is a political pamphlet by Hašeks from 1904 referred to as "I am a member of a secondment from the country," that is possibly a description of the earliest form of the party's work. However, numerous researchers place the founding of the party with the activites of the 1911 elections. In contrast, numerous texts describe pre-1911 propaganda expeditions by party members to different regions of the K.u.K-Monarchy. The journeys were described by the party leader as figurative "apostolic missions" through Moravia, Lower Austria, Hungary, Croatia, the Carniola, Styria, Upper Austria, Bohemia and Vienna. Since these trips have a strong resemblance to the "Vagabond Wanderinsg" ("Čundr") Hašek regularly undertook starting in 1900, perhaps the party history is a case of an after-the-fact blurring and mystification on the part of the author, as evidence shows Hašek active as a journalist for an anarchist newspaper and an anarcho-syndicalist organizer during this time. For example, in 1907 he disturbed an electoral event of the Clerical Party as a provocateur, and in the same year was sentenced to a month in prison on charges of "assassination" and "incitement to assault." Therefore, some researchers consider the PMPWBL an "anarchist front-group."

Beteiligt waren daran außer ihm noch der Schriftsteller František Langer und der Beamte am Prager Technikum Eduard Drobílek, der die Idee lieferte und die Funktion des Parteikassierers übernahm. Der Parteiname nimmt direkten Bezug auf das umstrittene Kaiserliche Reskript vom 12. September 1871, in dem der böhmische Landtag als Vertretungsorgan der tschechischen politischen Kräfte aufgefordert wurde, „im Geiste der Mässigung und Versöhnung die zeitgemässe Ordnung der staatsrechtlichen Verhältnisse“ mitzutragen. Unmittelbarer Anlass zur Parteigründung war wahrscheinlich das übermäßig angepasste politische Verhalten der Tschechischen Sozialdemokratischen Partei („Evolution statt Revolution“), deren Prager Vertreter im „Zlatý litr“ Parteiveranstaltungen abhielten. Schlachtruf der Partei wurde das Kürzel „SRK“, was offiziell für „Solidarität, Recht und Kameradschaft“ stand, in der Parteipraxis aber Sliwowitz, Rum und Kontuschowka bedeutete. Die Partei wuchs nur langsam. Nach eigenen Angaben bestand sie am 14. Dezember 1904 aus nur acht Personen. Zu den Mitgliedern zählten im Laufe der Zeit aber neben einigen Juristen und Medizinern zahlreiche Köpfe der Prager Kulturszene, unter anderem der anarchistische Journalist und Kleinverleger Antonín Bouček, zeitweilig Protokollant der Partei, der Satiriker, Maler und Anarchist František Gellner, die Schriftsteller und Satiriker Karel Toman, Josef Mach, Gustav R. Opočenský, Louis Křikava und Josef Skružný, der anarchistische Dichter Josef Rosenzweig-Moir, die Journalisten Karel Pelant und Karel V. Rypáček, der Illustrator Josef Lada, der Balletttänzer Franz Wagner, der angebliche „Held des makedonischen Aufstands“ und selbsternannte Woiwode Jan Klimeš sowie Polizeikommissar Slabý, der in den Parteiversammlungen als „Ordnungsmacht“ auftrat. In Prag entwickelte die Partei bis 1911 anscheinend keine nachweisbaren öffentlichen Aktivitäten. Aus dem Jahr 1904 ist lediglich ein Politkabarettprogramm Hašeks mit dem Titel „Ich bin Mitglied einer Abordnung vom Land“ bekannt, das möglicherweise eine Frühform der Parteiarbeit darstellt. Zahlreiche Wissenschaftler setzen aber die Gründung der Partei erst mit dem Wahlkampfaktivitäten von 1911 an. Dagegen gibt es zahlreiche Texte, die Propagandafahrten von Parteimitgliedern in verschiedene Regionen der K.u.k.-Monarchie beschreiben, die vor 1911 stattfanden. Die vom Parteivorsitzenden im übertragenen Sinne als „apostolische Mission“ beschriebenen Reisen führten durch Mähren, Niederösterreich, Ungarn, Kroatien, die Krain, Steiermark, Oberösterreich, Böhmen sowie nach Wien. Da diese Propagandafahrten starke Ähnlichkeiten mit den von Hašek seit 1900 regelmäßig unternommenen „Vagabunden-Wanderungen“ („Čundr“) aufweisen, handelt es sich bei der Einbindung in die Parteigeschichte möglicherweise um eine nachträgliche Zuordnung und Mystifizierung durch den Autor. Nachweisbar ist dagegen, dass Hašek in diesem Zeitraum für anarchistische Zeitungen und als anarcho-syndikalistischer Agitator tätig war. So störte er beispielsweise 1907 als Provokateur eine Wahlveranstaltung der Klerikalen Partei und wurde im selben Jahr wegen „Zusammenrottung“ und „Anstiftung zur Körperverletzung“ zu einem Monat Haft verurteilt. Daher gilt einigen Wissenschaftlern die PFGFIDSDG als „anarchistische Tarnorganisation“.

1911 Election


On the April 8 1911, after the dissolution of the old imperial council, the Austrian Interior Minister set a general election date of June 13, 1911 for the election of deputies to the 21st session of the Austrian House of Deputies that was to begin in mid-July. A few days later at the new party headquarters, the Cow Stall (Czech: Kravin) in the "Royal Vineyards" (Czech: Vinohrady quarter, an executive committee of the reorganized "Party for Moderate Progress Within the Bounds of the Law" announced they would participate in the election with their own candidate. At the same time, they published a manifesto to the Czech people, in which they introduced to party ideology of "Moderate Progress":


 * "The Svatopluk Čech Bridge was not built overnight. First Svatopluk Čech had to be born, become a famous poet, die, then there had to be an urban renewal, and only then was the Svatopluk Čech Bridge built."

The manifesto was even signed by leading Czech social democrats Emanuel Škatula und Bohumír Šmeral, later co-founders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. However the two politicians stood in the election as candidates, and it is highly doubtful they were aware of their signatures in advance.

The platform of the candidate for the Vinorhady election district, Jaroslav Hašek, consisted of seven points:
 * 1) The reintroduction of slavery.
 * 2) The nationalization of janitors.("similar to how it is in Russia [...], where every janitor is simultaneously a police informer"). („auf die gleiche Weise wie in Rußland [..], wo jeder Hausmeister gleichzeitig ein Polizeispitzel ist“).
 * 3) The rehabilitation of animals.
 * 4) The institutionalization of feeble-minded MPs.
 * 5) The reintroduction of the Inquisition.
 * 6) Judicial immunity for  priests and the Church ("In cases where a schoolgirl is deflowered by a priest").
 * 7) The mandatory introduction of alcoholism.

The party hosted numerous speaker evenings, which included Max Brod and Franz Kafka among the spectators. Hašek gave multi-hour campaign speeches "with a great deal of promises and reforms, [he] smeared the other parties, denounced his opponents, everything that befits a decent candidate to such an honorable [position]," according to attendee František Langer. The songwriter Josef Mach wrote a party hymn especially for the campaign:


 * „Milión kandidátů vstalo, / by oklamán byl bodrý lid,
 * by voličstvo jim hlasy dalo / prý ochotně je chtějí vzít.
 * Ať prudký pokrok chtějí jiní, / násilím zvracet světa řád,
 * my pokrok mírný chceme nyní, / pan Hašek je náš kandidát!“

English Translation (from German):


 * "A million candidates marching on, / giving false council to clueless people.
 * They want to get your votes, / every voter will be accepted.
 * They want thunderous advances, / to violently change the way the world is run,
 * But we stand up for reasonable progress / with the candidate Mr. Hašek !“

Moreover, they campaigned for their candidate with pamphlets and placards: "Voters - what you hope hope to get from Vienna, you'll also get from me!" "Voters, use your ballot to protest against the earthquake in Mexico!" and "Each of our voters will receive a small pocket aquarium." Even on the day of the election, the leadership of the party tried to expand the size of the campaign team by hanging a notice: "Wanted: a respectable man to defame opposing candidates." All of this was in vain: after the around 3,000 votes cast in the Vinorhady district were totaled, only 38 were cast for the PMPWBL, or according to a contemporary periodical publication, as few as 16 votes. The newspaper "Čas" reported in their "Daily Chronicle," on July 15, 1911, "Nothing is known about the fate of this candidacy, and the the Imperial press office has not made any official statement regarding it. The candidate intends to protest." The silence of the Imperial election commission was not unexpected, as the party had apparently not even officially registered its candidacy. As a result, the votes for Hašek were considered invalid. Later, on July 17, 1911, PMPWBL-member František Gellner wrote a positive review of the campaign in the magazine "Karikatury":
 * "Assuming that the enthusiastic agitation by the supporters of the Party for Moderate Progress within the Bounds of the Law increases their vote tally in the next election by a factor of ten, and the Austrian Parliament is dissolved a few more times in the foreseeable future, then in a few years the candidate for the Party for Moderate Progress within the Bounds of the Law will be seated in parliament."

Further Developments
In 1913 the first party conference was held in the Žižkov district of Prague at the "Na Smetance" restaurant, but few party members attended.

1913 wurde im Restaurant „Na Smetance“ im Prager Bezirk Žižkov ein I. Parteitag abgehalten, zu dem sich aber nur wenige Parteimitglieder einfanden. Als sich der Parteivorsitzende versehentlich auf die Dienstmütze des überwachenden Polizeikommissars setzte, wurde die Veranstaltung aufgelöst. Hašek berichtet von einer daraufhin einsetzenden „langjährigen Verfolgung der Partei“, eine nachträgliche Mystifizierung.

Nach Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs wurde Hašek im Februar 1915 als Soldat einberufen und geriet im September 1915 in russische Kriegsgefangenschaft. 1916 schloss er sich der tschechischen Legion an, desertierte aber 1918 zur Roten Armee, wo er verschiedene Funktionen, hauptsächlich als Politruk in der Politischen Abteilung der 5. sibirischen Armee, ausübte. Im Dezember 1920 kehrte Hašek mit falschen Papieren nach Prag zurück.

Im Laufe des Jahres 1921 fand dort der II. Parteitag der PFGFIDSDG im großen Saal des Restaurants „Yugoslavia“ in Prag-Žižkov statt, zu dem etwa 300 Personen erschienen waren. Höhepunkt des Parteitages war die einstimmige Verabschiedung einer außenpolitischen Resolution, in der aufgrund der aussichtslosen Weltsituation die Sprengung der Erdkugel gefordert wurde.

Obwohl angekündigt worden war, dass ein III. geheimer Parteitag durch Zeitungsinserate in der Rubrik „Wohin heute?“ bekannt gegeben würde, endeten 1921 die Aktivitäten der PFGFIDSDG. Grund dafür war der schlechte Gesundheitszustand des Parteigründers und -vorsitzenden Jaroslav Hašek, der sich im August 1921 nach Lipnice nad Sázavou zurückzog, wo er bis zu seinem Tod im Januar 1923 an seinem Roman Der brave Soldat Schwejk arbeitete.