User:Furlong.e/sandbox

Article Evaluation
Link to article reviewed: Human services

Content Review

The information on the "Human services" webpage is seemingly accurate and well written. However, there are many gaps in the information presented. For example, structurally, the order of the sections is not conducive to reading the page. Furthermore, the information is general, vague, and outdated. This webpage should be updated with recent sources, citing information for several countries in order to give a more global perspective on the subject matter.

Tone Review

While this webpage does use a neutral tone to convey the information presented, I think that is is lacking several viewpoints. It is clear that it is written by someone in a human services profession likely in the United States. Therefore, it is lacking varied viewpoints such as cultural influences on human services and international perspectives on the subject. This is exemplified by all of the sections only discussing information pertaining to the United States, with the exception of the professional organization section, which includes information for Canada as well.

Evaluating Sources

The sources used in the "Human services" Wikipedia page are outdated. The most recent citations are articles that were written in 2013 and 2014, while the oldest articles are from the 1970s. Ultimately, since some of the knowledge discussed on this topic are foundational in nature, some of the sources are bound to be older. However, current and relevant information should also be included, as this is an evolving field that has changed and will continue to change over time.

Talk Page Review

The talk page for the "Human services" Wikipedia webpage only has one post that contains updated links to some of the sources. While this update was posted in 2017, there was no attempt to update the information as well. Furthermore, there was one unanswered additional post that asked a question about the vague time period discussed in the page's history section. Ultimately, it is evident that this webpage has not received a lot of attention and effort from the original author or other collaborators.

Topic Ideas

 * Community nursing
 * This page only lists the job titles that would be considered part of community nursing
 * There is not overview, history, or application of the topic
 * Holistic nursing
 * This page is only a paragraph long
 * This would be an area where I could add an extensive history as well as application to practice
 * Collaborative Care
 * Vague description lacking supporting detail
 * One view point
 * WikiProject

=  Topic Choice & Sources  = Holistic nursing

https://browzine.com/libraries/545/journals/5506/issues/3188995?showArticleInContext=doi%3A10.1016%2Fj.cnur.2007.03.008

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1271908/

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PVsdAAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=holistic+nursing+approach&ots=QQQ6S9voZN&sig=zSn7N4AXWSkyI0lxVYkXxAyLxp4#v=onepage&q=holistic%20nursing%20approach&f=false

=  Draft: Holistic Nursing  =

Overview
Holistic nursing is a nursing speciality concerned with the integration of a person's mind, body, and spirit with their environment. This speciality has a theoretical basis in a few grand nursing theories, most notably the science of unitary human beings, as published by Martha E. Rogers in An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing, and the mid-range theory Empowered Holistic Nursing Education, as published by Dr. Katie Love. Holistic nursing has gained recognition by the American Nurses Association (ANA) as a nursing specialty with a defined scope of practice and standards. Holistic nursing focuses on the mind, body, and spirit working together as a whole, and how spiritual awareness in nursing can help heal illness. Holistic medicine focuses on maintaining optimum well-being and preventing - rather than just treating - disease.

The Holistic Philosophy: Theory and Ethics
Holistic nursing is based on the fundamental theories of nursing, such as the works of Florence Nightingale and Jean Watson, as well as alternative theories of world connectedness, wholeness, and healing. Holistic nurses respect the patient as the decision-maker throughout the continuum of care. The holistic nurse and patient relationship is based on a partnership in which the holistic nurse engages the patient in treatment options and healthcare choices. The holistic nurse seeks to establish a professional ethical relationship with the patient in order to preserve the patient's sense of dignity, whole, and inner worth.

Holistic Caring Process
Holistic nursing combines standard nursing interventions with various modalities that are focused on treating the patient in totality. Alternative therapies can include stress management, aroma therapy, and therapeutic touch. The combination of interventions allows the patient to heal in mind, body, and spirit by focusing on the patient's emotions, spirituality, and cultural identity as much as the illness. The six steps of the holistic caring process occur simultaneously, including assessment, diagnosis, outcomes, therapeutic plan of care, implementation, and evaluation. The holistic assessment of the patient can include spiritual, transpersonal, and energy-field assessments in combination with the standard assessments, such as physical and emotional assessments. The therapeutic plan of care in holistic nursing includes a highly individualized and unique plan for each patient. Holistic nurses recognize that the plan of care will change based on the individual patient, and therefore, embrace healing as a process that is always changing and adapting to the individual's personal healing journey. Therapies utilized by holistic nurses include stress management techniques and alternative or complementary practices such as reiki and guided imagery. These therapy modalities are focused on empowering individual to reduce stress levels and elicit a relaxation response in order to promote healing and well-being.

Holistic Communication
Holistic nurses use intentional listening techniques and an unconditional positive regard to communication with patients. The goal of using these communication techniques is to create an authentic, compassionate, and therapeutic relationships with each patient.

Building a Therapeutic Environment
Holistic nursing focuses on creating not only a therapeutic relationship with patients, but also a therapeutic environment for patients. Several of the therapies included in a holistic nursing approach rely on a therapeutic environment to be successful and effective. A therapeutic environment empowers patients to connect with the holistic nurse and with themselves introspectively.

Cultural Diversity
Part of any type of nursing includes understanding the patient's comprehension level, ability to cope, social supports, and background or base knowledge. The nurse must use this information to effectively communicate with the patient and the patient's family, build a trusting relationship, and comprehensively educate the patient. In holistic nursing, this component is especially important in the ability of the holistic nurse to build a therapeutic relationship with the patient. Holistic nurses ask themselves how they can culturally care for the patient through holistic assessment because holistic nurses engage in ethical practices and the treatment of all aspects of the individual.

Holistic Education and Research
Holistic registered nurses are responsible for learning the scope of practice established in Holistic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (2007) and for incorporating every core value into daily practice. It is the holistic nurse's responsibility to become familiar with both conventional practices as well as alternative therapies and modalities. Through continuing education and research, the holistic nurse will remain updated on all treatment options for patients. Areas of research completed by holistic nurses includes: measurements of outcomes of holistic therapies, measurements of caring behaviors and spirituality, patient responsiveness to holistic care, and theory development in areas such as intentionality, empowerment, and several other topics.

Holistic Nurse Self-Care
Through the holistic nurse's integration of self-care, self-awareness, and self-healing practices, the holistic nurse is living the values that are taught to patients in practice. Holistic "nurses cannot facilitate healing unless they are in the process of healing themselves."

Certification
National certification for holistic nursing is regulated by the American Holistic Nurses Certification Corporation (AHNCC). There are two levels of certification: one for nurses holding a bachelor's degree and one for nurses holding a master's degree. Accreditation through the AHNCC is approved by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).

United States
American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA): Mission Statement

''"The Mission of the American Holistic Nurses Association is to illuminate holism in nursing practice, community, advocacy, research and education." ''

Canada
Canadian Holistic Nurses Association (CHNA): Mission Statement

"To support the practice of holistic nursing across Canada by: acting as a body of knowledge for its practitioners, by advocating with policy makers and provincial regulatory bodies and by educating Canadians on the benefits of complementary and integrative health care."

Other Countries
International Healing Association for Nurses (IHAN): Statement of Purpose

''"IHAN has been continuing activities for dissemination and enlightenment of comprehensive holistic care of the mind, body, and soul. They aim to harmonize the mind, body, and soul; to provide care for living more healthily; provide safer and more reliable care by pursuing logic and research of holistic care; build a society (normalization) rooted in the region and culture and living together; and to connect medical professionals and therapists who are active in the field of holistic medicine, and patients and families to individual networks." ''