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So, the main point is that relativity is a diversion from Michelson's experiment. Example, when one states that their is two coordinate system this is simily subterfuge since Michelson's experiment, Lorentz's theory is based on a single coordinate system. The two coordinate systems are use by Einstein in a analogy with the lightning strike and the train but it has absolutely nothing to do with Lorentz's theory or Einstein theory. In fact, as I am writing this right now I just realized that the transformation are not coordinate system transformations. Example, if a person is riding a bicycle with the wind in the same direction of propagation, one does not need two coordinate systems to describe the event. This analogy with the two coordinate systems that is used to describe the effects of a lightning strike are simply a diversion to the real question and in also is "paper" similar to what lawyer do in law suits by producing alot of writing to overwhelm the opponent. Now, the real question is Michelson's experiment since there are at least four fatal error in his experiment yet Michelson's experiment is the foundation of modern physics since then manipulation of Michelson's experiment is used to manipulate all experimental results which result in experiment like the LIGO that produces a affect of 10^-18 m or particle physics that is based on a proton beam that cannot exist in the context described. So, what is wrong with Michelson's experiment. First, Michelson experiment is based on light propagating at different velocities yet in vacuum light propagates with a constant velocity.

This is a true story but a story. Now, your hero is a girl athlete and in her country she is an elite athlete and in her small town she is a hero that every like because she is pretty an really nice. Her father is a baker and owns and works in a small pastry shop where his wife helps and does not bookkeeping. Next, their is an uncle J who works as a custodian at the local university. The uncle is also marry but unfortuentaly his wife cannot have children but he love his niece since she wins at events and he goes to see them all the time. Now the father has spent a fortune according to the father on his dauthers athlete endeavers but since she the only child and extremely pretty at least to the mother and father she get to go to events and her equilment is payed by the father who has a running count on the total. In addition, the Uncle J also helps pay for her expanses and is concidered a sponsor according to his wife who also love the hero just as mush and also goes to the event but is not a fanatical as the Uncle. The Uncle once play hockey and tried out for the national team but did not make it because he was to old at the time or something like that. Our hero when she is not training or going to school works saleing pasteris to the pastry shop and lines of people go the the pastry shop when ever she works because she is always beaming with happiness and is nice to everyone. She makes alot of money for her father because of her popularity as an athlete but her endeveror is extremely dangerous and the mother wishes she would do something else like go to the Universe but she is just happy with what she is doing.

During the Apollo 11 lander descent from the moon's orbit to the surface of the moon, the lander achieves a velocity of 2 km/s then the lander's rocket engine is ignited and produces a thrust of 10,000 lb that reduces the lander's downward velocity. Near the moon's surface the Lander's thrust is reduced to 3,000 lb. At the moon's surface, the lander's rocket engine's thrust would result in the formation of an enormous amount of rocket smoke yet the lunar descent film does not depict rocket smoke. The lack of the moon's atmosphere is used to justify the non-existence of the rocket smoke but the production of the rocket smoke is caused by the combustion of the Aerozine rocket fuel (kerosene) and the oxidizer (liquid oxygen) which would result in the formation of an enormous amount of rocket smoke which is not depicted in the lander descent film. The decent film of the lunar lander shows the lander propagating in a horizontal direction that would require a thrust in the horizontal direction and a constant center of mass of the lander yet the lander would experience an enormous change in the center of mass because of the fuel being consumed during the landing which would shift the center of mass and render it nearly impossible for the horizontal motion of the lander during the descent depicted in the lander descent video. The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) that propagates in the horizontal direction is used to justify the lander propagating in the horizontal direction but the LLRV crashes during its test flight. The descent film depicts the Apollo astronauts having a conversation that is being recorded in the descent film but the rocket engine would produce an enormous vibration which would prevent the audio feed of the Apollo astronauts have their conversation recorded in the Apollo 11 landing film. The landing and ascent of the Apollo 11 astronauts would be a life and death experience yet the Apollo descent and ascent lander films do not depict the intensity that would be expected in such a dangerous endeavor. The photographic images of the Apollo 11 lander does not depict a blast zone beneath the exhaust nozzle of the lander caused by the 3,000 lb rocket thrust during the final descent. The argument that the 3,000 lb thrust is not significant enough to produce a blast zone beneath the lander is used to justify the non-existence of the blast zone. Using an analogy, a Lear jet engine is rated at 3,500 lb thrust. The 3,000 lb rocket thrust would result in a blast zone beneath the Apollo 11 lunar lander yet the Apollo 11 photographs (fig 22) show absolutely no disturbance of the fine particle matter in the area beneath the lunar lander. In the Apollo 11 photograph, the shadows of the lunar objects are pointing in different directions which suggest that the Apollo 11 photographs were fabricated. The variation in the contour of the lunar surface is used to explain the multiple directions of the lunar shadows but in an Apollo 11 photograph (fig 23), a rock and the lander are separated by the distance of 300 meter and are forming shadows with an angle difference of 45o on a near level lunar surface which negates the contour surface argument. In another argument, the sun's intensity reflected by the earth is used to represent a second light source that forms the multiple directional lunar shadows but if the light intensities of the Sun and the Earth formed the lunar shadows then each lunar object would form two separate shadows yet each of the lunar objects is forming a single shadow. No photographs were taken together of the stars of the stellar universe and an Apollo 11 astronaut on the surface of the moon. In an on camera interview after the Apollo 11 mission Neil Armstrong stated that he did not recall the stars of the celestial universe while on the surface of the moon. NASA justifies the absents of stars in the Apollo photographs using the extremely high intensity of reflected Sun light from the surface of the moon prevents the stars from appearing in the Apollo 11 photographs because the short camera exposure time prevents the image of the stars to appear in the photographs. Nonetheless, the Apollo 11 mission astronauts appear extremely disturbed in the interview when the question was asked regarding the absents of the stars in the photographs taken on the surface of the moon since the star question contradicts the Lunar mission's actual occurrence. Neil Armstrong never gave an on camera interview that addressed the numerous discrepancies regarding the Apollo 11 mission after his initial interview that included the question regarding why no stars appear in any of the Apollo 11 photographs. Only 20 photographs of the Apollo 11 lunar landing were released. It appears extremely suspicious that such and important and expensive Apollo 11 project would only result in the release of 20 photographs from the surface of the moon. The original film of Neil Armstrong stepping on the surface of the moon has been lost and the only record of the event was taken indirectly from a NASA monitor by a TV camera. NASA lost the original film of the most important scientific achievement in the history of man. There is also a problem regarding the distance of the camera and Armstrong making his first step on the moon's surface since according to NASA a video camera extends from the side of the lander is approximately 3 meters from the lander stairs but the film of Armstrong's first step onto the moon's surface depicts a camera that is more than six meters away from the lander. The lunar surface during the day reaches the temperature of 400o Fahrenheit which would result in the Apollo astronaut's space suit to explode. The argument that the space suit reflects the Sun's intensity is insufficient since the lunar heat would conduct through the astronaut's boots, space suit and the interior gas within the space suit which would result in the space suit to exploding. The near side of the moon where the lander descended is continuously illuminated by the Sun's maximum intensity for more than a thousand years since the moon near side is always illuminate and forms a full moon perpetually. NASA justifies the lunar landing using the Caltech-MIT lunar reflector that was placed on the surface of the moon during the Apollo 11 mission but the Lick telescope (.6 arcsec) requires a minimum diameter of an object on the surface of the moon to be detected on 64 km (equ 82) yet the Lick telescope is detecting an intensity of the lunar reflector that has an area of one square meter. There would have been no question regarding the Apollo 11 lunar landing, if NASA left a radio beacon on the surface of the moon and independent sources could verify the origin of the radio signal but a radio signal that originates from the moon cannot be detected on the earth because the intensity of a radio signal is dependent on the inverse of the second order of the distance I = A cos(kr)/r2. After propagating the distance of 50,000 miles (r = 8 x 107 m) from the moon a 1 kW radio signal would diminish by a factor of 10-14, a 1 kW radio signal produced on the surface of the moon would be less than the intensity of a cell phone after propagating a distance of 50,000 miles and at 100,000 miles from the moon, the radio signal would disappear yet the moon is located 238,000 miles from the earth which would result in a decrease in the intensity of a radio signal by a factor of 10-16 and form a radio signal of 10^-13 W. Radio telescopes are used to communicate with the Apollo mission but earth communication satellites use the entire band of frequencies including the s-band used by the Apollo 11 mission which would prevent the reception of a 10-13 Watt microwave radio signal that originates from the Apollo 11 mission. It is questionable how NASA communicated with the Apollo missions, Voyagers, and Mars probes using radio waves. The Mars mission uses X-ray radio waves to communicate with the Mars probe but X-rays are not radio waves since X-rays are not formed by Faraday's induction effect. In a film of an Apollo astronaut walking on the surface of the moon shows the placement of the American flag on the surface of the moon but in the film, the flag appears to be flapping similar to a flag blowing in the wind yet the surface of the moon has no atmosphere that could form the waving of the flag with the intensity depicted in the Apollo 11 film. It is argued that the vibration of the flag created by the astronaut placing the flag onto the moon causes the flag to wave but the intensity of the flag waving in the horizontal direction, from the tip of the flag to the pole, suggests that the Apollo 11 mission flag waving was created by a cooling fan within a movie studio. The amount of fuel required to land and ascent to and from the surface of the moon is calculated. The amount of fuel required to launch a payload from the surface of the earth into the earth's orbit is approximately equal to the amount of fuel required in descending the same payload onto the surface of the earth from the earth's orbit using a descent rocket re-entry. The fuel load required to descent a payload from the moon's orbit to the surface of the moon can be calculated using an earth base rocket launch by compensating for the moon's gravity. The total weight of the Apollo 11 lunar lander (dry) is 15,083 lb. Using the moon gravity of .166 g the lunar lander moon weight is calculated,

Faraday's induction effect depicts an internal electric field that only forms within the conduction wire represented in equation 90 yet Maxwell's electric curl equation (equ 94) is used to represent an electric field of an electromagnetic light wave that exists in the space outside the conduction wire. Faraday's induction effect is not luminous yet Maxwell's equations are used to represent the structure of light, and, the magnetic flux of Faraday's induction effect is pointing in the direction of propagation which represents a longitudinal magnetic wave yet Maxwell's electric curl equation is used to derive equations that depict electromagnetic transverse waves.

Hecht's electric current (dE/dt) forms in the open space between the plates of a varying capacitor which conflicts with Faraday's induction effect that electric field only forms within the current wire. In Maxwell's derivation of Maxwell's equations, Maxwell only uses Faraday's induction effect to derive Maxwell's equations (Maxwell, Part III) yet Hecht's derivation of the magnetic curl equation is using a varying capacitor. Hecht is using Stokes' theorem to derive equations 92 and 97 that depict the equating of a line integral with a surface integral which is physically and mathematically invalid.

Hecht uses a surface integral that limits are the dimensions of the aperture to summate the interfering light waves' amplitudes at the diffraction screen point (Y,Z) but the diffraction screen point (Y,Z) is not within the limits of Hecht's surface integral. Also, during the diffraction effect, the crests and nodes of the light waves propagate in the forward direction; at a point (Y,Z) on the diffraction screen, the propagating light waves' amplitudes oscillate, forming an average resultant amplitude of zero which would eliminate the diffraction pattern. Hecht uses a constant time (t = 0) to solve the oscillation problem but Hecht is also eliminating the propagation of the light from the derivation. Hecht is using the electric light waves' amplitudes at a point (Y, Z) on the diffraction screen to depict the formation of the intensity (energy) of the diffraction effect which represents a light energy that is dependent on the light waves' amplitudes that conflicts with Lenard's photoelectric effect that proves light is composed of particles that energy is dependent on the frequency.

Hecht is using spherical waves formed in the aperture to derive the aperture diffraction intensity equation of light (equ 1) where the spherical waves' amplitudes are dependent on the inverse of the distance U = A cos(kr)]/r. The intensity formed by the spherical waves is dependent on I = U2. At a distance of .1 mm from the aperture opening,  the intensity formed by the spherical waves' amplitudes is represented with I = U2  =  [A cos(kr)/r]2 = B/(.0001)2 = B(108). The distance of 5 cm represents the distance from the aperture to the diffraction screen. The intensity of light formed at the diffraction screen is I = U2 = [A cos(kr)/r]2 = B/(.05)2 = B(2.5 x 103). The intensity of the light that exists the aperture decrease by the factor of 4,000 at the diffraction screen, using spherical waves. Hecht mathematically eliminates the inverse distance relation of the spherical waves from his derivation but Hecht's derivation is based on spherical waves (equ 2).

Hecht derives the small rectangular aperture diffraction intensity equation of light using destructive wave interference where the light waves' amplitudes (energy) are destroyed to form the dark fringes of the diffraction pattern which violates energy conservation. The formation of the dark fringes of the diffraction pattern would result in a measurable reduction in the total light intensity of the diffraction pattern since the destroyed light waves' amplitudes (intensities) do not contribute to the total light intensity of the diffraction pattern yet more than 80% of the small rectangular diffraction pattern is composed of dark areas (fig 8) which would result in more than a 60% reduction in the total light intensity of the diffraction pattern yet the total light intensity that enters a small rectangular aperture (dt = 1s) equals the total intensity of the diffraction pattern which proves the aperture diffraction effect of light is not formed by wave interference. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The wave theory of light is based on light waves formed by the motion of an optical ether, composed of matter. Huygens (1690) represents the propagation of light using spherical waves formed by the vibration of an ether, composed of matter. Fresnel (1819) establishes the wave theory of light by deriving a diffraction intensity equation using interfering light waves produced by the motion of Huygens' ether yet light propagates in vacuum that is void of matter. Bradley's (1725) stellar aberration is used to justify the existence of the ether but stellar aberration does not alter the fact that light propagates in vacuum that is void of matter. The change in the position of Bradley's star (Bradley, p. 31) is caused by the earth's daily and yearly motions not the affects of the ether since the results of Bradley's aberration is a rotational shift of all the stars positions of the celestial universe that angular shift is centered around the North Star. Newton (1704) discovered that white light interacting with a prism forms a chromatic spectrum which can only be explained using a particle structure of light but Newton could not explain diffraction using light particles. Fresnel (1819) established the wave theory of light by deriving a diffraction intensity equation using interfering light waves formed by the motion of an ether yet diffraction forms in vacuum. Maxwell introduces an electromagnetic theory of light based on Faraday's induction effect since induction forms in vacuum but Faraday's induction effect is not luminous. Hertz (1887) discovered radio waves using a spark radio transmitter that is used to justify Maxwell's theory but the radio induction effect does not alter the fact that Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light is based on Faraday's induction effect that is not luminous. Michelson (1887) tests for the existence of Fresnel's ether using an interferometer to test for the affects of the ether wind but light propagating in vacuum proves the propagation of light does not involve an ether. Lorentz (1899) represents the ether with Maxwell's equations to depict an electromagnetic aether but a massless and propagating electromagnetic field conflicts with Huygens' ether, composed of matter, that remains stationary after the light wave propagates through the ether. In the same paper, Lorentz use a transformation to reverse the negative result of Michelson's experiment to justify the existence of Fresnel's ether, composed of matter, which contradicts the argument that Hertz's radio waves propagating in vacuum proves that the formation of light waves do not require an ether, and, Lorentz's justification of Fresnel's ether, composed of matter, contradicts Lorentz's massless electromagnetic aether.

Lenard (1899-1902) proves light is composed of particles that conflicts with the continuity of Maxwell's electromagnetic field, and, an expanding electromagnetic field cannot maintain the particle structure of a propagating light particle. Planck (1901) and Einstein (1905) address Lenard's photoelectric effect by deriving energy equations that represent the energies of the black body light particle emissions. Planck derives an energy element using the kinetic energies of the black body surface electrons since Planck's constant h = 6.6 × 10-34 m2 kg/s contains the unit of the mass (kg) yet light is composed of massless light particles. Einstein (1905) derives an energy quanta (Rβγ/N) using Boltzmann's entropy which results in the energy quanta containing Boltzmann's thermodynamic constants R and N that are associated with gas molecules that have a mass. In Einstein's paper "Does the Inertia of a Body depend upon its Energy Content?" (1905), Einstein uses the inertial mass (L/V2) to structurally unify Maxwell's electromagnetic field with matter but Einstein's inertial mass (m = L/V2) is massless since L represents the energy of an electromagnetic photon. In Einstein's paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905), Einstein justifies Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light by manipulating the coordinate system of Maxwell's equations but altering the coordinate system does not change the fact that Maxwell's equations are derived using Faraday's induction effect that is not luminous. In Einstein's paper "The Principle of Relativity and its Consequences in Modern Physics" (1910), Einstein describes an electromagnetic ether but Maxwell's electromagnetic field originates from Faraday's induction effect that is not luminous, and, Maxwell's propagating electromagnetic field conflicts with Huygens ether that remains stationary after the light wave propagates through the ether. In Einstein's paper "Special and General Relativity" (1917), Einstein attempts to structurally unify Maxwell's electromagnetic field with matter using the inertial mass (Eo/c2) but Einstein's inertial mass (m = Eo/c2) is massless since Eo represents the energy of an electromagnetic photon. In the same paper, Einstein uses the reversal of Michelson-Morley experiment based on Lorentz's theory to justifying the existence of Fresnel's ether but light propagates in vacuum. In string theory, an oscillating string that forms a transverse wave is used to justify the existence of a wave-particle electromagnetic photon but an oscillating string is composed of matter which conflicts with light that is composed of massless light particles.

Quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, string theory, quantum field theory, quantum chromodynamics, plasma physics, condense matter physics, and particle physics use the gauge but representing Maxwell's equations with a potential does not change the fact that Maxwell's equations are derived using Faraday's induction effect that is not luminous nor can the potential of a massless and expanding electromagnetic induction field represent the particle structure of a molecule, atom, ion, nuclei, neutron, proton, electron or subatomic particles that have a mass. Quantum mechanics is based on Planck's black body derivation but Planck's energy element (hv) represents the units of the kinetic energy (kg m2 /s2) yet light is composed of massless light particles, and, Maxwell's expanding electromagnetic field cannot maintain the particle structure of a propagating electromagnetic photon. In the derivation of the quantum mechanics atomic orbitals, an electron probability wave is used to derive the equations of the atomic orbitals but an electron position probability cannot form a negative value required in representing destructive wave interference that is used to mathematically construct the atomic orbitals. In particle physics, the existence of subatomic particles is justified using the curved paths of the liquid hydrogen bubble tracks that are used to calculate the mass of the subatomic particles; an accelerated proton beam is incident to an external metallic target that collision produces subatomic particles that propagate through the steel enclosure of the bubble chamber to form liquid hydrogen bubble tracks but subatomic particles that have a mass cannot propagate through the steel enclosure of the bubble chamber without producing a hole in the steel enclosure of the bubble chamber and causing an explosion of the liquid hydrogen. Rutherford's gold foil experiment is used to justify subatomic particle propagating through the steel enclosure of the bubble chamber but alpha particles cannot propagate through a .25 inch thick steel plate. In the CERN large hadron collider (LHC) (2017), the hadron (proton) beam is accelerated using a superconducting wire coil that magnetic field is pointing in the direction of propagation but the proton beam propagates on a circular 27 km circumference path within the CERN beam pipe. To direct the high energy hadron beam on a circular path requires an additional magnetic field pointing perpendicular to the direction of propagation yet the perpendicular magnetic field is not being used in the LHC (fig 17).

In gravitational physics, Weber experimentally detected stellar gravitational waves that have the frequency of 1662 Hz using a 750 pound aluminum beam detector yet subsequent experiments discredited Weber's experiment. Wheeler describes gravitational waves using an electromagnetic analogy, and Thorne and Ohanian state that gravitational waves propagate at the velocity of light yet gravitational waves have not been experimentally detected. The Caltech-MIT laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) (2009) detected celestial gravitational waves that originate from a pular but the armature contraction of 10-18 m is within the measurement uncertainty in determining the 4000 m armature length. Modern astronomers use parallax to determine the distance to a star where the change in the angle of a star, after an observer on the surface of the earth propagates the distance of the earth's orbital diameter (fig 19) is used in the calculation of the distance to a star but the distance of a 4.22 ly star is more than one million times greater than the earth's orbital diameter. A dimming method of the intensity of a star is used to measure the distance to a star that is more than 350 ly from the earth but the Hubble proves that the intensity of a star does not vary, for the same time and day of the year. The photographs of the 7,000 ly Eagle Nebula (fig 20) using the Spitzer telescope was created using computer imaginary since the photographs of the Eagle Nebula represent a celestial gas cloud yet the vacuum of celestial space cannot form a gas cloud. The Eagle Nebula is viewed using the Spitzer telescope but the Spitzer UV telescope has a resolution of 1 arcsec that maximum distance of resolution is less than a light year yet the Eagle Nebula is 7,000 light years from the earth. Chilean astronomers discovered a planet orbiting the star Proxima Centauri using the La Silla land based telescope (Escude, p. 408) based on the dimming that occurs when a 4.22 ly planet propagates in front of the star Proxima Centauri but the intensity variation of a 4.22 ly star is caused by the earth's atmosphere. The wave theory of light was established by Fresnel's derivation of the diffraction intensity equation using interfering light waves formed by the motion of an optical ether, composed of matter, yet diffraction forms in vacuum that is void of matter. Einstein (1910) describes an electromagnetic ether but Maxwell's electromagnetic field originates from Faraday's induction effect that is not luminous, and, Maxwell's propagating electromagnetic field conflicts with Huygens' ether that remains stationary after the light wave propagates through the ether. Newton and Lenard experimentally proved light is composed of particles which suggests that diffraction is a particle effect. In an experiment, a laser beam that diameter is smaller than the diameter of a small circular aperture, enters the aperture, without the laser beam's intensity contacting the aperture edge results in no diffraction effect being formed. The interaction of the laser beam's intensity with the aperture edge is an essential component in the aperture diffraction mechanism where the optic particles that contact the aperture edge activate the aperture edge atoms forming an aperture edge effect that scatters the optic particles, that enter the aperture, to only the intensity areas of the diffraction pattern (fig 30) without involving an ether or wave interference.