User:GERVAIM/sandbox

Week 5

Citation
my citation was an addition to the air pollution portion in the earths atmosphere Wikipedia page. I added some of the contents in the air which act as air pollution and linked those to the respective Wikipedia articles.

Air pollution[edit] Main article: Air pollution

Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to organisms. Stratospheric ozone depletion is caused by air pollution, chiefly from chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances. Such substances include CO2 and aerosols as well as chlorofluorocarbons, CH4, and N2O.

The scientific consensus is that the anthropogenic greenhouse gases currently accumulating in the atmosphere are the main cause of global warming.

Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Ruedy, Reto; Lacis, Andrew; Oinas, Valdar (June 16, 2000). "Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario" (PDF). Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario. 97: 9880.

Copyedit
(Before changes)

Coupled human–environment system From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search

A coupled human–environment system (known also as a coupled human and natural system, or CHANS) characterizes the dynamical two-way interactions between human systems (e.g., economic, social) and natural (e.g., hydrologic, atmospheric, biological, geological) systems. This coupling expresses the idea that the evolution of humans and environmental systems may no longer be treated as individual isolated systems, compared to earlier times in human history when human-environmental interactions were weak and one-way (linear).

As CHANS research is relatively new, it has not yet matured into a coherent field. Some research programs draw from, and build on, the perspectives developed in trans-discplinary fields such as human ecology, ecological anthropology, environmental geography, economics, as well as others. In contrast, other research programs aim to develop a more quantitative theoretic framework focusing on the development of analytical and numerical models, by building on theoretical advances in complex adaptive systems, complexity economics, dynamical systems theory, and the earth sciences. To some extent, all CHANS programs recognize the need to move beyond traditional research methods developed in the social and natural sciences, as these are not sufficient to quantify the highly nonlinear dynamics often present in CHANS. Some research into CHANS emulates the more traditional research programs that tended to separate the social from the ecological sciences.

Contents

1History

2Bibliography

3See also

4References

5External links

History[edit] The phrase "coupled human–environment systems" appears in the earlier literature (dating back to 1999) noting that social and natural systems are inseparable. "In 2007 a formal standing program in Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems was created by the U.S. National Science Foundation." Research into CHANS is increasing in frequency in scientific literature concerning the sustainability and conservation of ecosystems and society.

Funding by the National Science Foundation to study "Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems" occurred from 2001-2005 as a part of a "special competition" within the "Biocomplexity in the environment" program, and in 2007 gained formal standing.

Bibliography[edit] W.C. Clark, B. L. Turner, R. W. Kates, J. Richards, J. T. Mathews, and W. Meyer, eds. The Earth as Transformed by Human Action. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990).

Eric Sheppard and Robert B. McMaster, eds. Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method (see especially "Crossing the Divide: Linking Global and Local Scales in Human–Environment Systems" by William E. Easterling and Colin Polsky) (Blackwell Publishing, January 1, 2004)

See also[edit] Human ecology

Conservation medicine

Deep ecology

References[edit] ^ Environmental Resource and Education Funding Opportunities, National Science Foundation.

^ Jump up to:a b

^

(After changes)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search

A coupled human–environment system (known also as a coupled human and natural system, or CHANS) characterizes the dynamical two-way interactions between human systems (e.g., economic, social) and natural (e.g., hydrologic, atmospheric, biological, geological) systems. This coupling expresses the idea that the evolution of humans and environmental systems may no longer be treated as individual isolated systems, compared to earlier times in human history when human-environmental interactions were weak and one-way (linear).

As CHANS research is relatively new, it has not yet matured into a coherent field. Some research programs that coupled human-environment systems draw from, and build on, are the perspectives developed in trans-discplinary fields such as human ecology, ecological anthropology, environmental geography, and economics. In contrast, other research programs aim to develop a more quantitative theoretic framework focusing on the development of analytical and numerical models, by building on theoretical advances in complex adaptive systems, complexity economics, dynamical systems theory, and the earth sciences. To some extent, all CHANS programs recognize the need to move beyond traditional research methods developed in the social and natural sciences, as these are not sufficient to quantify the highly nonlinear dynamics often present in CHANS. Some research into CHANS emulates the more traditional research programs that tended to separate the social from the ecological sciences.

Contents 1History

2Bibliography

3See also

4References

5External links

History[edit] The phrase "coupled human–environment systems" appears in the earlier literature (dating back to 1999) noting that social and natural systems are inseparable. "In 2007 a formal standing program in Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems was created by the U.S. National Science Foundation." Research into CHANS is increasing in frequency in scientific literature concerning the sustainability and conservation of ecosystems and society.

Funding by the National Science Foundation to study "Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems" occurred from 2001-2005 as a part of a "special competition" within the "Biocomplexity in the environment" program, and in 2007 gained formal standing.

Bibliography[edit] W.C. Clark, B. L. Turner, R. W. Kates, J. Richards, J. T. Mathews, and W. Meyer, eds. The Earth as Transformed by Human Action. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990).

Insert paragraph Eric Sheppard and Robert B. McMaster, eds. Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method (see especially "Crossing the Divide: Linking Global and Local Scales in Human–Environment Systems" by William E. Easterling and Colin Polsky) (Blackwell Publishing, January 1, 2004)

See also[edit] Human ecology

Conservation medicine

Deep ecology

References[edit] ^ Environmental Resource and Education Funding Opportunities, National Science Foundation.

^ Jump up to:a b

^

Reflective Essay
During the article evaluation I learned that even on a site that has become as reputable and trusted as Wikipedia, improvements and modifications can and are happening all of the time. Before reading the article I had no clear approach oh how I was going to critique it. Upon reading I noticed that the article Coupled human–environment system s was in need of mild clarification and links to other Wikipedia articles which were referred to in the article. I decided to add things like feedback loops and resilience to change in the article coupled human-environment systems since there is currently no research based information on the page. These are topics covered extensively in class and I feel like these choices make perfect additions to the page in its current state. With these edits I was able to expand the knowledge base and understanding to Wikipedia readers about this relatively new field of scientific study.

In my pier review of Karim Salib I noted that that at the time he did not have much information. I commented that he should focus on gathering information from reliable sources and focus on things like feedback loops similar to how I was conducting my research. When reviewing Hoorelbj I commented that he should communicate unbiased information when writing his article. My piers commented on the quality of my information but noted that I needed to increase the number of citations I was using for my assignment as well as keeping an unbiased opinion throughout.

Because of this project I was able to learn the inner workings of Wikipedia as well as the qualifications needed for information to be posted on the site. I was also able to learn how to citations work on Wikipedia and how frequently other users are updating and reference checking the information. Some similarities from this project to others in my program would be the focus in acquiring knowledge from outside sources and attention to originality and copyright.

Wikipedia is most likely the largest and easily accessible source of information for the general public. This is important for a topic like coupled human-environmental systems since it is of the utmost importance for people to understand the impact of humans on the environment and the way these environmental changes will influence human interaction, business, and the economy. I feel like this study is not taken nearly as seriously as it should and Wikipedia is a good way to get this information out to the general public.

Additions to Coupled human–environment system s
Examples of reciprocal feedback loops made by coupled human-environment systems

In coupled human and natural systems, people and nature interact reciprocally and form feedback loops. For example, local residents in Wolong China use forest wood for cooking and heating. The surrounding forests begun to thin due to the wood consumption of residents and locals begun to collect wood from further and further away. These forests were the natural habitat of the giant panda which are endangered and resulted in a decline in pandas habitat. The Chinese government then implemented conservation policies to steady the panda population.

Kenya residents have cultivated croplands for more than 100 years never providing additional nutrients. This has promoted soil degradation and food insecurity, which is causing more residents to convert remaining forests into agriculture.

In agriculture and tourism, a beautiful natural ecosystem leads to increased tourism, which results in increased infrastructure, that harms the agriculture, which then diminishes the appeal to tourists.

Content Gap:
Wikipedia often talks about "content gaps". What do you think a content gap is, and what are some possible ways to identify them? information not found on archive (searched for but not found)

2. What are some reasons a content gap might arise and hat are some remedies? lack of reliable sources, the search is too baud, new idea.

3. does it matter who writes a Wikipedia article?

No, so long as the content is unbiased, and not opinion based and as long as the information is obtained from a reliable source and cited.

4. what does it mean to be unbiased on wiki and how does it relate to your opinion on bias? using reliable sources. Being impartial.