User:GLL2018/sourcetext

Lu Xun Mausoleum.JPG铜像

the copper statue of Lu Xun located in front of the tomb]]

鲁迅墓是中华民国大陆时期著名文学家鲁迅（1881年9月25日－1936年10月19日）的墓地，位于中國上海市虹口区鲁迅公园西北角，占地1,600平方米，建成于1956年，同年鲁迅的遗体由万国公墓迁葬入该墓.

Tomb of Lu Xun is the burial place of Lu Xun (25 September 1881 - 19 October 1936), a famous Chinese litterateur during the period of Republic of China (1912 - 1949), located in the north-western corner of the Lu Xun Park, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China. With the coverage of 1600 square meters, the tomb of Lu Xun was built in the year of 1956, and in the same year, the remains of Lu Xun was moved to this tomb form the public cemetery of Shanghai (Wanguo public cemetery, also named Songyuan).

1961年3月4日，中华人民共和国国务院公布鲁迅墓为第一批全国重点文物保护单位. 1964年7月，鲁迅墓的具体范围最终划定.

The tomb of Lu Xun was listed as the first batch of major historical and cultural site protected at the national level, by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, on the 4th of March 1961, and the accurate limits of the tomb was finalized in July 1964.

Modern
鲁迅，原名周樟寿，后改名周树人 ，浙江绍兴人 ，中华民国文学家，新文化运动的领导者之一. 他的作品除了诗、散文、杂文之外，还有大量的外文翻译作品. 1936年10月19日，鲁迅在上海的寓所里逝世，并被安葬在上海万国公墓中，墓地选定在宋氏墓区的东首F区，编号为406—413穴位. 原墓址上仅有一些低矮的土堆，1937年在土堆的北侧新建了一块高71.2厘米，顶宽31.5厘米，底宽58厘米的梯形水泥墓碑，墓碑上嵌有一块高38厘米、宽25厘米的鲁迅陶制雕像，上面刻有周海婴所书“鲁迅先生之墓”字样. 抗日战争爆发后，万国公墓陷入无人看管的状态，鲁迅墓址旁的冬青树被拔走，墓碑遭到轻微损毁，不久后墓碑的损毁部分被内山完造出资修复. 1939年，鲁迅墓遭到严重毁坏，墓碑上的陶制雕像被人为击碎. 抗日战争胜利后，许广平设计了鲁迅墓墓碑的新样式. /////

Lu Xun was the pen name of Zhou Shuren, whose former name was Zhou Zhangshou. Born and raised in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, he was a leading figure of modern Chinese literature and the new culture movement. Apart from writing poetry, proses and essays, he translated a large number of foreign literatures into Chinese as well. He passed away in his apartment located in Shanghai on the 19th of October 1936 and was buried in the grave numbered 406 - 413, F section, East side of the Wanguo public cemetery of Shanghai. There were just several mounds on the former grave of Lu Xun. Until 1937, a 71.2-centimeter-high and 31.5-centimeter-wide trapezoidal cement gravestone was erected on the north side of the mounds, embedded with a 38-centimeter-high and 25-centimeter-wide pottery sculpture of Lu Xun and with characters "the grave of Lu Xun" written by Zhou Haiying, the son of Lu Xun. During the period of Sino-Japan War (1937-1945), the Wanguo public cemetery was unattended. The wintergreen grew beside the grave was removed and the gravestone was slightly damaged which was repaired by Kanzō Uchiyama, a close friend of Lu Xun. In the year of 1939, the grave of Lu Xun was a total loss, with the pottery sculpture of Lu Xun on the gravestone was destroyed purposely. After the victory of Sino-Japan War, a new form of gravestone was designed by Xu Guangping, the companion of Lu Xun in his latter life.

1946年10月，中华全国文协在上海举行鲁迅先生逝世10周年的纪念大会，与会者达到2000余人. 第二天，约300余名社会各界人士前往鲁迅墓扫墓，周恩来与许广平在墓前各种植了一棵柏树.

In October, 1946, with approximately 2000 participants, the 10th anniversary of the death of Lu Xun was held in Shanghai, organized by the National Resistance Association of Literary and Art Works (Zhonghua Quanguo Wenyijie Kangdi Xiehui). In the next day, about 300 people from all walks of life visited the grave of Lu Xun, and two cypress trees was planted by Zhou Enlai (the first premier of the People's Republic of China) and Xu Guangping, in the front part of the grave.

1947年，鲁迅墓的地表部分重新休整，原墓碑在被取出后横向埋在墓地右前方的土里，并在原处安放了新的墓碑. 新墓碑为野山式花岗石碑，高97厘米，宽87厘米. 碑面嵌黑石碑一块，高66厘米，宽60厘米. 碑上镶瓷质烧制的“鲁迅先生遗像”，呈长椭园形，像下刻着周建人所书“鲁迅先生之墓，一八八一年九月二十五日生于绍兴，一九三六年十月十九日卒于上海”的阴文金字碑文.

In 1947, the surface of the grave was renovated, replaced the old grave stone with a new one and relocated the old one in the right front side of the grave horizontally. Embedded with a 66-centimeter-high and 60-centimeter-wide black stone stele, the new grave stone was made out of granite, and was 97 centimeters in height and 87 centimeters in width. There was a portrait of Lu Xun in a shape of oblong on the stele, and a gold inscription "the grave of Lu Xun, born on the 25th of September, 1881 in Shaoxing and died on the 19th of October, 1936, in Shanghai" was engraved under the portrait, written by Zhou Jianren (the younger brother of Lu Xun).

此外，在墓的南侧新修建了3级花岗岩台阶，台阶上方摆放有供人祭奠用的3只石花瓶.

Apart from a new grave stone, a new three-level granite steps was built on the south side of the grave, with three memorial stone vases placed on the steps.

Contemporary
1952年春，华东文化部等有关部门经过讨论，选择临近鲁迅故居、鲁迅生前到过的虹口公园建新墓.

In the spring of 1952, after the discussion among the cultural department of East China and other relevant departments, a proposal of building a new tomb of Lu Xun in the Hongkou park, previously visited by Lu Xun and near the former residence of him, was accepted.

1956年1月，鲁迅逝世20周年时，中华人民共和国国务院做出了迁移鲁迅墓的决定，时任上海市人民委员会市长陈毅亲自组建了“鲁迅墓迁墓委员会”，该委员会主要由鲁迅的亲属和好友，以及华东和上海的相关官员组成.

In January 1956, the 20th anniversary of the death of Lu Xun, a decision of moving the grave of Lu Xun from the public cemetery of Shanghai to the Hongkou park was made by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and with members of Lu Xun's relatives, friends and some officials of East China and Shanghai, a committee of moving the grave was formed by Chen Yi, the mayor of Shanghai at that time.

新的墓穴位于虹口公园. 是年6月，上海市人民政府请了一些专家设计新墓和鲁迅纪念馆. 经北京方面评审，最终决定采用陈植和汪定曾的方案，由陈植负责鲁迅墓的设计. 1956年7月19日，开工修建，并于10月9日完工.

The new tomb was located in the Hongkou park. In June 1956, several experts were hired by the government of Shanghai to design the new tomb and the Memorial of Lu Xun. Assessed by the State Council of People's Republic of China, the plan of Chen Zhi and Wang Dingzeng was adopted, and Chen Zhi was in charge of the design of the new tomb of Lu Xun, which constructed on the 19th of July 1956 and finished on the 9th of October 1956.

1956年10月14日，中共上海市委举行仪式，将鲁迅的棺木从万国公墓礼堂迁移至新墓穴内. 毛泽东为新墓穴题字“鲁迅先生之墓”. 原墓地同时保留. 10月25日，正式对外开放. 1961年3月4日，全国重点文物保护单位的石碑在鲁迅墓前落成. 1964年7月，经文化部批准，确定鲁迅墓保护范围. 1966年，文化大革命当中，鲁迅墓的原墓地连同周围的其他墓穴全部遭到拆毁填平，原土地改作工业废品堆积的场地. 1973年，鲁迅纪念馆工作人员将原鲁迅墓的两块墓碑从堆积的废旧材料下方挖出，保存进纪念馆的库房中.

On 14 October 1956, the ceremony of moving the coffin of Lu Xun from Shanghai public cemetery to the new tomb was held by the government of Shanghai. The   inscription of the new tomb was written by Mao Zedong (Chairman Mao) : 鲁迅先生之墓 [the tomb of Lu Xun], and the former grave was preserved at the same time. The new tomb was opened to the public on the 25th of October. On the 4th of March 1961, a stone monument with signs of major historical and cultural site protected at the national level was placed in front of the tomb. In July 1964, with the approval of the cultural department, the protection area of the tomb was finalized. In 1966, during the movement of cultural revolution, the former grave of Lu Xun and other graves nearby were all demolished, and changed into a place to store industrial wastes. In 1937, two grave stones of the former grave were dug out from the wast by staffs of the Memorial and then were stored in the Memorial.

外部链接

 * 山阴路历史文化风貌区保护规划

参见

 * 坟 (鲁迅)
 * 鲁迅原葬地：上海万国公墓
 * 上海鲁迅公园
 * 上海鲁迅纪念馆
 * 山阴路历史文化风貌区
 * 上海鲁迅故居

墓 Category:上海墓葬 Category:中华人民共和国墓葬 Category:1956年完工建築物 Category:上海全国重点文物保护单位 Category:虹口区建筑物