User:GLL2018/sourcetext2

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The royal tomb (Chinese: 永陵, Pinyin: Yongling) of Former Shu (one of the ten kingdoms formed during the period of 907-925 CE), commonly known as tomb of Wang Jian (the first emperor of the Former Shu), is located at No. 10, Yongling Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, the People's Republic of China. In the late Tang Dynasty (923-937), Meng Zhixiang ( a general of the Later Tang and the emperor of the Later Shu, 934-956) issued an ordered to protect the tomb, but since the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), its auxiliary buildings have been gradually destroyed for various reasons, and only the grave mound and the coffin chamber are left. People usually attaches the legend of Sima Xiangru (a Chinese poet, writer, musician, and politician) and the legend of Zhuge Liang (a Chinese politician) to the grave mound, thinking that they have played the qin, a traditional Chinese musical instrument, here. Therefore, the grave mound is named Fuqintai, meaning the place of playing the qin. In 1940, when building a bomb shelter under the Fuqintai, the ancient tomb was discovered. After an excavation by Feng Hanji (a Chinese archaeologist) and others, the tomb was confirmed as Wang Jian’s tomb.

该墓是目前所发现的唯一一座墓室位于地面之上的皇陵 ，其封土呈圆形，墓室位于封土正中的底部，前后共分三个墓室，中室安放棺床，后室有一尊被认为是王建坐像的石像. 1956年和1980年，王建墓先后两次被公布为四川省文物保护单位，1961年被列为全国重点文物保护单位. 2001年，永陵博物馆在王建墓南侧修建了神道，并按照唐代皇陵的规制补刻了数尊石像.

The tomb is the only royal tomb that its coffin chamber was built on the ground. Its grave mound is in a round shape, and the coffin chamber is located at the bottom of the grave mound middle. The chamber has three rooms, with a coffin in the middle room and a sitting stone statue of Wang Jian in the back room. In 1956 and 1980, tomb of Wang Jian was twice listed as a cultural relics protection unit in Sichuan Province. In 1961, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 2001, in accordance with regulations of the imperial Mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty, a tomb passage was built on the south side of the Wang Jian Tomb, and several stone statues were added by the Yongling Museum.

历史 history
王建，字光图，唐朝天复三年（903年）获封蜀王，五代十国时期的前蜀开国皇帝.

Wang Jian (王建) (847 – July 11, 918), courtesy name Guangtu (光圖), formally Emperor Gaozu of (Former) Shu ((前)蜀高祖), was the founding emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu.

前蜀光天元年（918年）去世，享年72岁，庙号高祖，葬于永陵. 光天元年十二月和咸康元年（925年）三月，后主王衍先后两次拜谒永陵.

At the age of 72, he died in the first year of Tianguang period(918 CE), with a temple name of Gaozu and was buried in Yongling. In December 918 and March 925 (the first year of Xiankang period), Wang Yan, the next emperor, twice visited the tomb.

后唐长兴四年（933年），当时尚未称帝的孟知祥派人重修永陵，并禁止人们在永陵周边砍柴.

In 933 (the fourth year of Changxing period in the Later Tang Dynasty), Meng Zhixiang sent people to renovate the tomb and prohibited people from cutting firewoods in the nearby area.

北宋大中祥符七年（1014年），永陵的部分陵庙建筑被拆除，建筑材料转而重修当地一座名为玉局化的道观，剩余的建筑被作为“永宁佛宫”保留，并于北宋崇宁二年（1103年）被赐名为“永庆院”，此后毁于一场大火.

In 1014 (the 7th year of Dazhongxiangfu period in the Northern Song Dynasty), parts of the mausoleum buildings of Yongling were demolished, and the building materials were used to repair a local Taoist temple named Yuejuhua. The remaining buildings of Yongling were retained as a Buddha palace named Yongning and was renamed as "Yongqingyuan" in 1103 (the second year of Chongning period in the Northern Song Dynasty), which later was destroyed by a fire.

此后永陵周边经历过多次战乱，墓葬建筑仅存封土和墓室. 但并没有史书明确标出王建墓的具体位置. 广为流传的“老西门外”的说法最早出自陆游的记载，诗中的王建墓已经非常荒凉. 此后当地的地方志基本沿袭了这个说法，但并未对王建墓有进一步的考证.

Since then, there have been plenty of wars around Yongling, and only the grave mound and chambers of the tomb have been preserved. However, the accurate location of the tomb was not clearly marked in historical records, and the most popular statement of the location was first recorded by Lu You (a famous Chinese poet in the Southern Song Dynasty) in his poem, saying that the tomb was outside the Lao Ximen (the old west city gate), and was very desolate. Since then, the records of the tomb in the local chronicles has basically followed this statement, without further research.

成都市西郊有一座“抚琴台”的土丘，关于这座土丘的传说，有“司马相如的琴台”和“诸葛亮的琴台”等诸多说法. 1940年，人们在抚琴台挖掘防空洞时发现了堆砌整齐的砖墙，这引起了时任华西大学教授冯汉骥的注意，经勘查后冯汉骥认定这是一座古代墓葬. 受到客观条件限制，被发掘露出的部分只得暂时封闭，相关的发掘计划直到1941年四川博物馆成立后才开始制定. 1942年9月15日，冯汉骥、刘复章等人带队发掘该墓葬. 发掘时，该墓葬已被淤泥填满，考古人员受此限制仅向墓室内清理了3米左右.

There is a mound named "Fuqintai" in the western suburbs of Chengdu, and there are several legends associate with it, saying that Sima Xiangru and Zhuge Liang has used the mound as a table to play the qin. In 1940, brick walls were founded during the process of building a shelter in Fuqintai, which drew the attention of Feng Hanji, a professor at Huaxi University. After the investigation, Feng Hanzhen identified the mound as an ancient tomb. Subject to conditions at that time, the exposed parts of the site had to be temporarily closed, and the relevant excavation plan was not developed until the establishment of the Sichuan Museum in 1941. On September 15, 1942, the excavation of the tomb began, led by Feng Hanji and Liu Fuzhang. At the time of excavation, the tomb was filled with silt, and archaeologists were only be able to clear out a 3-meter path towards chambers.

这次发掘中，工作人员出土了玉册，并由此确定该墓葬为王建的永陵，这个位置与陆游的记载比较接近，但是考古人员并未发现陆游所提及的巨大的石人.

During the excavation, the staff unearthed several volumes made by jade and determined that the tomb was the Yongling of Wang Jian. This location is close to the location recorded in the poem of Lu You, but the archaeologists did not find the huge stone human statue mentioned by Lu You.

这次发掘期间，参与工作的苏立文被一名中学生误认为外国来的盗墓贼，指使闻讯而来的乡公所人员将发掘人员全部拘留，发掘工作一度中断，后来冯汉骥和时任国民政府教育厅厅长郭有守出示了政府许可执照才得以继续发掘.

Michael Sullivan, a sinologist, also joined the excavation and was mistaken by a middle school student for a foreign grave robber. The student reported him to the officials in the town government. Therefore, Michael Sullivan along with other archaeologists were all detained and the excavation work was interrupted for a while until Feng Hanji and Guo Youshou, then the director of the Education Department, showed the license of excavation issued by the government.

1942年11月，发掘工作暂时结束. 1943年3月1日，吴金鼎带领先前参与发掘的工作人员，以及王振铎等人展开第二阶段发掘，相比较先前初步发掘墓室，本次发掘的重点主要是清理封土以南的区域，以及进一步清理墓室. 这次发掘发现了墓葬被盗的痕迹，并出土了大量文物. 9月21日，全部发掘工作结束，出土文物交由四川博物馆整理，地宫也被再次封闭. 1971年，成都金牛区抚琴大队的社员在王建墓南300米处修建房屋时发现了一尊高3.18米的石人，从而印证了陆游的记载.

In November 1942, the excavation work was temporarily suspended. On March 1, 1943, Wu Jinding, an archaeologist, led the staff who had previously participated in the excavation, and Wang Zhenduo, an expert in museology, launched the second stage of excavation. Compared with the previous preliminary excavation, the focus of this stage was mainly to clean up the southern area of the grave mound, and further clean up the chamber. The excavation discovered traces of the grave robber and unearthed a large number of cultural relics. On September 21, all excavations works were completed. The unearthed cultural relics were handed over to the Sichuan Museum, and the underground palace was closed again. In 1971, when building a house 300 meters south of the tomb, a member of the Fuqin production brigade of Chengdu Jinniu District found a stone statue with a height of 3.18 meters, thus confirming the statment of Lu You.

参考资料
Category:成都墓葬 Category:成都文物保护单位 Category:成都古迹 Category:五代十国皇家陵寝 Category:前蜀