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Mobile Phones
As of 2019, 5.15 billion people, which equates to 67% of the global population, have a mobile device and this number is growing. Mobile phones have been used in healthcare and has fostered its own term, mHealth. They have also played a role in improving adherence to medication. For example, text messaging has been used to remind patients to take their medication in patients with chronic conditions such as asthma and hypertension. Other examples include the use of smartphones for synchronous and asynchronous Video Observed Therapy (VOT) as a replacement for the currently resource intensive standard of Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) (recommended by the WHO ) for Tuberculosis management. Other mHealth interventions for improving adherence to medication include smartphone applications, voice recognition in interactive phone calls and Telepharmacy. Some results show that the use of mHealth improves adherence to medication and is cost-effective, though some reviews report mixed results. Studies show that using mHealth to improve adherence to medication is feasible and accepted by patients. mHealth interventions have also been used alongside other telehealth interventions such as wearable wireless pill sensors, smart pillboxes and smart inhalers.