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By the 1820s, the controversy surrounding the Missouri Compromise had quieted down considerably, but was revived by a series of events near the end of the decade. Serious debates over abolition took place in the Virginia legislature in 1829 and 1831. In the North discussion began about the possibility of freeing the slaves and then resettling them back in Africa (a proposal that led to the founding of Liberia). Agitation increased with the publication of David Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World in 1829, Nat Turner's slave rebellion in 1831, and Andrew Jackson's handling of the nullification crisis that same year. According to Louis Ruchame, "The Turner rebellion was only one of about 200 slave uprisings between 1776 and 1860, but it was one of the bloodiest, and thus struck fear in the hearts of many white southerners. Nat Turner and more than 70 enslaved and free blacks spontaneously launched a rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831. They moved from farm to farm, indiscriminately killing whites along the way and picking up additional slaves. By the time the militia put down the insurrection, more than 80 slaves had joined the rebellion, and 60 whites lay dead. While the uprising led some Southerners[who?] to consider abolition, the reaction in all Southern states was to tighten the laws governing slave behavior."[page needed

---"the uprising led some...Virginians adamantly wrote petitions to the state General Assembly requesting their representatives..." (Schafer, Judith Kelleher. "The Immediate Impact of Nat Turner's Insurrection on New Orleans." Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association 21, no. 4 (1980): 361-76. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4232038.)

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“The split in the organization” https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=slavery&handle=hein.slavery/antsca0001&id=292&men_tab=srchresults Dumond Dwight Lowell. Antislavery: The Crusade for Freedom in America. New York, W. W. Norton & Co.

There were two main points of contention in the societies across the country which ultimately led to disunion of the American Anti-slavery society. In the western United States, women held important roles in the American Anti-slavery society. Attitudes of equalitarianism were more widely accepted, and women were viewed as “coworkers, not subordinates.” Women not only held leadership positions, but also attended various societies and conventions. In contrast, women’s participation in the American Anti-slavery Society became a quite contentious issue in the eastern United States. Women who were publicly passionate about abolition were seen as “fanatics.” Along with differing opinions about the role of women, the emergence of the Liberty Party… Because women in the west were had a more fluid approach to their political involvement, particularly when it came to William Garrison’s staunch disagreement with the Constitution, they were drawn to supporting the Liberty Party. Maynard, Douglas H. “The World’s Anti-Slavery Convention of 1840.” The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 47, no. 3 (1960): 452-71. doi: 10.2307/1888877. Disagreement regarding the formal involvement of women became one of the principal factors which contributed to the dissolution of the organization.

“American Slavery as it is” Browne, Stephen. 1994. “Like Gory Spectres’: Representing Evil in Theodore Weld’s American Slavery as It IS.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 80 (3): 277. doi: 1080/003356394093384073

This book by Theodore Weld is the first antislavery book, later becoming inspiration for Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. In it, Weld writes about the horrors of slavery through graphic descriptions of mistreatment of slaves, including their living conditions, food, and from first-hand accounts.

“Background” From: James Madison’s letter to Robert Evans (Madison, James. Montpelier, Virginia, n.d.)

In the 1820’s the focus of anti-slavery was the American Colonization society, founded on Madisonian principles of gradual, government compensated emancipation. Consistent with existing and durable prejudices in the nation at the time, James Madison believed that blacks and whites couldn’t integrate into society together, and thus wanted to institute a policy of separation. Madison said that integration was impossible, because there would always be oppression, hatred, and hostility between former slaves and former slave holders. He also claimed that “freedmen retained the vices and habits of slaves***.” He advocated for resettlement of former slaves to the west coast of Africa. Later this founded Liberia.


 * = James Madison, Memorandum on an African Colony for Freed Slaves

“The Society” Maynard, Douglas H. “The World’s Anti-Slavery Convention of 1840.” The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 47, no. 3 (1960): 452-71. doi: 10.2307/1888877.

In 1840, the American Anti-Slavery society was invited to a meeting known as the “General Anti-Slavery Convention” in London, England to meet and network with other abolitionist initiatives of the time. Additionally, it served to strengthen each group’s motivation toward racial equality. At this convention, female American delegates were not allowed to participate in the event, but rather observe only. The ruling to exclude female abolitionists caused feminists Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to form a group for women’s rights, though it garnered little success initially. Garrison arrived to the convention late and upon hearing of the decision not to allow women to participate, he chose not to enter the Convention, but viewed the proceedings with the women in the gallery**. This became the genesis for the women’s suffrage movement.


 * Garrison, William Lloyd Garrison, II, 356-57, 360-65, 374-76; Tolles (ed.), “Slavery and ‘the Woman Question’,” Friends’ Historical Society, Journal, Supplement No. 33 (1952), 36.

WORD COUNT: 446 1 citation added I bolded the headers from the original wikipedia page that I will be adding to.