User:G PViB/sandbox2

This is a list of Russian inventions.

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Ancient inventions

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Agriculture and biotechnology

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Arts and music

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Chemistry and metallurgy

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Communications

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Computing and information technology

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Culture

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Art
Borok (Борецкая роспись)·Gorodets·Khokhloma·Mezen (Мезенская роспись)·Zhostovo Painting Fedoskino·Kholuy·Mstyora·Palekh Miniature Bird of Happiness·Dymkovo·Filimonovo·Kargopol·Matryoshka doll Toys Orenburg shawl·Vologda lace (Вологодское кружево) Other
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Clothing
Boyar hat·Kalfak (Калфак)·Kokoshnik·Kosovorotka·Lapti·Sarafan·Valenki Civilian Budyonovka·Gimnastyorka·Peaked cap·Sailor cap·Ushanka Service
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Music
Gudok·Szopelka·Vladimirsky rozhok·Zhaleika Wind Balalaika·Domra·Doshpuluur·Gusli·Pondar ( Atukh-Pondur, Dechig-Pondur )·Russian guitar String Bayan·Chastushki·Treshchotka Other
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Cuisine

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Energy

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Oil and gas

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Nuclear energy

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Everyday life

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In world-wide usage

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Housing

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Architecture
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Forms

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Native styles

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Structural engineering

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Mechanical engineering

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Medicine

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Military
Major innovations that became standard means of modern warfare are in bold.
 * Systema
 * Flamethrower (first use in modern era (Vasily Korchmin))
 * Bistatic radar
 * Railway troops (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Radio jammingWas first used on 15 April 1904 during the Battle of Port Arthur.
 * Interceptor satellite (Istrebitel Sputnik, 1960–68)
 * Radio rangefinder (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Modern field kitchen (Anton Turchanovich (Russian Wikipedia article))
 * Modern field surgery (Nikolai Pirogov)
 * Explosively pumped flux compression generatorThe EMP bomb. The credit is due to Robert Lyudayev (1951, the first device),  Aleksandr Prishchepenko  (military application, 1984) and others.

Air Force

 * Flying wing (first practical design and flyable aircraft (Boris Cheranovsky))
 * Aerobatics (Pyotr Nesterov)
 * Drag chute
 * Rocket fighter (Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1)
 * Pressure suit
 * Drogue parachute (first application (Gleb Kotelnikov))
 * Flying boat fighter (Grigorovich M-11)
 * 3D thrust vectoring (Sukhoi Su-37)
 * Strategic bomber (Ilya Muromets)
 * Backpack parachute
 * Helicopter ejection seat (first production helicopter (Kamov Ka-50))
 * Helmet-mounted sight (Mikoyan MiG-29)
 * Supermaneuverability (Sukhoi Su-27)
 * Aircraft-launched unguided rocket (Russian Wikipedia article) (by Nikolai Yatsuk (Russian Wikipedia article), 1912 (proposal))

Artillery

 * Licorne
 * Railway gun
 * Battery tower
 * Telescopic sight (by Andrei Nartov)
 * Quick-firing gun (Baranovsky quick-firing gun (Russian Wikipedia article))
 * Coastal rangefinder (by Vasily Petrushevsky)
 * Multibarreled mortar (modular multibarreled mortar (by Ivan Fyodorov))
 * Self-loading recoilless rifle (by Mikhail Kondakov, 1934)
 * Revolver-type aircraft weapon (SIBEMAS, 1935)
 * Modern multiple rocket launcher (BM-13 Katyusha)

Cold weaponry

 * Palma (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Sovnya
 * Bychak
 * Pernach
 * Bardiche
 * Shashka
 * Boot knife
 * Bear spear
 * Yakut knife (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Paren knife (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Ballistic knife
 * Bow of Northern type (Russian Wikipedia article)

Firearms

 * Laser pistol
 * Assault rifleSelect-fire rifle designed specifically for low-power ammunition. Fyodorov Avtomat, 1915. The credit is due to Vladimir Fyodorov.
 * Noiseless handgun (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Fougasse flamethrower (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Commonality of parts (by Vladimir Fyodorov)
 * Underwater assault rifle (APS)
 * Amphibious assault rifle (ASM-DT)
 * Designated marksman and designated marksman rifle (SVD)
 * Noiseless grenade launcher (Device D)
 * Squad automatic weapon (RPD)
 * Automatic grenade launcher (by Yakov Taubin (Russian Wikipedia article))
 * General-purpose machine gun (by Vladimir Fyodorov)

Gear

 * Yuft (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Kirza
 * Gazyr (Russian Wikipedia article)
 * Sailor cap
 * Budyonovka
 * Peaked cap
 * Gimnastyorka
 * Pointillist camouflage (by Vladimir Baranov-Rossine)
 * Activated charcoal gas mask (by Nikolai Zelinsky, independently from James Bert Garner)

Rocketry

 * Mobile ICBM
 * Rocket warfare (contributions to theory and tactics by Aleksandr Zasyadko)
 * Air-augmented rocket
 * Anti-ballistic missile
 * Railcar-launched ICBM
 * Vertical launching system
 * Intercontinental ballistic missile (world's first true ICBM (R-7 Semyorka))
 * Modern multiple rocket launcher (BM-13 Katyusha)
 * Fractional Orbital Bombardment System

Military vehicles

 * Aerosani
 * Tachanka
 * Hovercraft (theoretical foundations, first military vehicle )
 * Mobile banya
 * Gulyay-gorod (modular wagon fort)
 * Military robot (Teletank)
 * Armored vehicles:
 * Flame tank (first practical design (KhT-26))
 * Hovercraft tank
 * Reactive armor
 * Super-heavy tank (Mendeleyev tank (Russian wikipedia article))
 * Infantry fighting vehicle (BMP-1)
 * Tank support fighting vehicle


 * Active protection system
 * Self-propelled laser system (Stilet (Russian Wikipedia article))
 * Thermobaric multiple rocket launcher (TOS-1)

Navy

 * Minelayer (Amur class minelayer (1898))
 * Degaussing (by Anatoly Aleksandrov, independently from Charles F. Goodeve)
 * Missile boat
 * Armored cruiser (Russian cruiser General-Admiral (1873))
 * Torpedo boat tender
 * Close-in weapon system (AK-630)
 * Hard-kill torpedo countermeasure system (Udav-1)

Underwater fleet

 * Underwater launches:
 * All-missile salvo (Operation Behemoth)
 * Submarine-launched satellite (Shtil')
 * Underwater-launched ballistic missile23 December 1956 (launch from a test platform); armed test (20 October 1961).


 * Submarine minelayer (Russian submarine Krab (1912))
 * Ballistic missile submarine (Project 611)Surface launch.
 * Submarine-launched ballistic missile (R-11FM)Surface launch.
 * Submarine-to-submarine missile

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Physics

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Printing

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Recording

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Photography

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Space exploration

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Sports and games

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Transportation

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Maritime

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Rail transport

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Aviation

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Other

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Developments leading to

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Precursors

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Inventions by Russian emigrants
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Russian discoveries

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Technology records
— Tsar Bell (the largest and heaviest bell in the world) — Mozhaisky Airplane II (the first feasible airplane project) — Trans-Siberian Railway (the longest railway in the world) — Moscow Metro (the world's most heavily used single operator metro system) — Leningrad Metro (the deepest subway in the world) — Aswan Dam (a megaproject; developed by the Hydroproject Institute) — Druzhba pipeline (the longest oil pipeline system in the world) — Proton (the most used heavy lift launch system) — Soyuz (the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world) — The Motherland Calls (the largest complex sculpture) — Lunokhod 2 (longest distance of surface travel of any extraterrestrial vehicle) — Arktika-class icebreaker (the world's most powerful nuclear icebreaker; the first surface ship to reach the North Pole) — Mir (submersible) (the first to reach the seabed under the North Pole; was developed in cooperation with Finland) — RD-170 (the world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine) — Antonov An-225 Mriya (the largest fixed-wing aircraft) — Kola Superdeep Borehole (the deepest borehole) — Mir mine (the largest diamond mine in the world and the second largest human-made excavation) — 50 Let Pobedy (the world's largest nuclear-powered icebreaker, and the largest icebreaker in general) — Russky Bridge (the longest cable-stayed bridge) — SP-117 (allegedly the most potent truth drug)

Weaponry records

 * — Zasechnaya cherta (the largest fortification line of abatis type)
 * — Tsar Cannon (the largest-calibre bombard)
 * — T-34 (the best medium tank of World War II)
 * — AK-47 (the world's most produced assault rifle)
 * — RPG-7 (the world's most used anti-tank weapon)
 * — Tsar Bomba (the most powerful weapon ever tested)
 * — KM (ekranoplan) (the largest ekranoplan and the second largest fixed-wing aircraft)
 * — Mil V-12 (the largest helicopter ever built)
 * — Kirov-class battlecruiser (the largest and heaviest surface combatant warships currently in active operation in the world)
 * — R-36M (ICBM with the heaviest throw-weight)
 * — Typhoon-class submarine (the largest submarine ever built)
 * — Tupolev Tu-160 (the world's largest combat, supersonic, and variable-sweep aircraft built; the heaviest takeoff weight of any combat aircraft)
 * — Novichok agent (allegedly the most deadly nerve agents ever made)
 * — Beriev A-40 (the largest amphibious flying boat)
 * — Zubr-class LCAC (the world's largest hovercraft)
 * — Don-2N (the most powerful early-warning radar)
 * — Aviation Thermobaric Bomb of Increased Power (the most powerful non-nuclear weapon in the world)