User:GabrielleHWiki/sandbox

Source evaluation.
Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis is a report written for the Fifth Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

The 13th chapter of this report is about Sea Level Change. In that chapter, several authors from different parts of the world share their findings, based on their scientific studies. This chapter is divided in 8 sections. To begin, a summary of the results are presented, and also at the end of the chapter, a synthesis is written. Some graphics are presented to illustrate what they found along the different sections.This report is directed to persons who have a scientific background, especially in environmental science and climate science, and so who will be able to use these findings for their future research. Also, this report is directed to other scientists who advise and help policy makers make decisions. All along this chapter, the different forcings which contribute to sea level change are explained. Each forcing type has a dedicated section to explain when and how this factors led to a sea level change. These changes are explained at different time scales and space scales. To end up with their results, scientists have used certain models that they also present. All of these studies are led to understand and be able to make projections on sea level change given the context of climate change.

Article evaluation.
The wikipedia article "Beach evolution" have relevant contents, but some suggestions can be made in order to make it more complete and reliable. The majority of the links in this article send us on another wikipedia articles. The author(s) have not gathered sources at the end of the article in a section as "references" for example. In this way, I can see many working links in this article, but there is not any proper source from a reliable article written and published outside wikipedia's world. Although every sections relate in a way to beach evolution, I think there is a certain lack of beach evolution's history. The author(s) only focused on some specific characteristics of beach evolution without drawing the main lines of beach evolution. Every sections in this article have links sending us back to other wikipedia's articles. Then, these cannot be considered as neutral sources because only wikipidia encyclopedia is cited, and also it means that the author trust every wikipedia's articles used, yet he/she cannot have evaluated them all, which is a problem. This article could presents more informations about past climate which influenced beach evolutions. Also, this phenomen could be presented at different geographic scales. Here, the article is 'only' giving some local examples. This article is part of a wikiproject, it has been rated 'S' which means that it needs some improvements.Finally, some modifications by others as been made. Especially, the artcile's content has been qualified by "not always relevant to the subject".

Brainstorming Final Research paper
Little Ice Age in Europe

The Little Ice Age (LIA) is the last neoglacial we know so far in the Holocene period. This period is characterized by a general cooling from around 1400 to 1900. This period cooling period is trapped between two warmer period : the medieval warm period from 1000 to 1300 and the actual warmer period that started from 1900 and which is still happening to day. The mean temperature during the LIA would have been around 0,5°C below our global mean temperature today. Yet, it is important to keep in mind that LIA has been punctuated by different climate with warmer and colder episodes. Also, these climate changes did not occur on the same way everywhere on earth. We noticed several variations. In this research paper, I would like to be mainly focused on the LIA in Europe and northern Europe. The paper is going to be divided in several sections.

The reason for cool down during LIA period : Several hypothesis have been given to explain this cool trend. For example the volcanism hypothesis. Several volcanoes would have erupted and then lead to the creation of a white cloud in the troposphere. In that case this cloud would be a real barrier and would lead to a decrease of insolation rate on the earth. This hypothese is only one among others : indeed if it was the case, the cool down trend would have occurred nly in localized areas and for a short amount of time (1 to 3 years, but not centuries). So this hypothesis could be right if there were numerous eruptions and following by positive feedbacks in the climate system. There is other hypothesis like the decrease insolation rate on earth due to variations on the solar cycle.

The way we learn about this cool down period. In this paper, I will also talk about different proxy examples that allow reasearchers to know more about this period. Ice cores, tree rings, corals, written records about crops failures, observations of glacier size.

The consequences on the landscape : In another section, I will focus on the geomorphological consequences of this cool period. I mainly read so far about the glaciers size variations which had an impact on floodplains and on erosion process. Also, I am going to talk about the changes in river activities, their responses due to climate changes and then their impact on the landscape (due to geomorphological process). I think I will also write a section about the vegetation changes in Europe.