User:Gaijin42/Ferguson effect

The Ferguson effect is a term describing several different phenomena that are perceived to be results of the shooting of Michael Brown, its aftermath, and similar incidents such as the deaths of Eric Garner and Freddie Gray. The most common usage of the term is as a reference to an (alleged? perceived?) increase in crime in metropolitan areas, but the size, and cause of any changes are disputed and controversial.

Increased crime
http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21678800-only-certain-thing-about-citys-murder-rate-it-increasing-unsolved?fsrc=scn/tw/te/pe/ed/unsolved

(Summarize uptick in crime rates (attributepov to McDonald?)

Richard Rosenfeld, a St. Louis criminologist, says that the 20-year downward trend in crime in major cities is seeing a reversal. In the aftermath of the Michael Brown shooting and other incidents, some police officers are reducing their arrests or other engagements with minorities, which some have described as a "slow-down". Other changes, such as New York City's new restrictions on stop and frisk, may also have an effect.

According to police chief Sam Dotson and (others), police are feeling more restricted in their engagements with minorities, while criminals are feeling more empowered, resulting in an increase in crime and violence.

Baltimore Maryland experienced a spike in crime after the death of Freddie Gray, with a 46% increase in homicide, and a 86% increase in shooting. Police commissioner Anthony Batts was fired over the spike and accusations that he had allowed protesters to riot in after the shooting.

Chicago, after Laquan McDonald video.

Criticism
criticism of Mcdonald's research Criticism from Rosenfield ironically quoted above in support of effect? (agrees with crime uptick, but says not linked to ferguson)

Renewed conversation about proper policing (need better title)
(plagiarism - rewrite!)Alleged police misconduct has become a national issue in the two months since 18-year-old Michael Brown was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson. Amateur videos recording police stops have been widely published from Indiana, California and most recently, New York. These videos are providing context for a renewed national conversation on proper policing, in what has been referred to as the “Ferguson Effect.” Yet while other videos are usually accompanied by an altercation or frisking, this video is distinguished by the fact that another citizen intervened.

Restrictions on police (stop and frisk), judicial rulings on due process and probable cause

Minor/rare usages
Additionally, there are other effects which have been given the name "Ferguson effect"


 * Increased transparency in grand jury evidence


 * Increased engagement of minorities in politics, especially voter turnout.


 * A downturn in enrollment at the University of Missouri-St. Louis which administrators linked to a perception of St Louis as an unsafe area.


 * A general term describing racial disparity in policing and prosecution.