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Colombian Americans (colombo-americanos, norteamericanos de origen colombiano or estadounidenses de origen colombiano) are Americans who trace their full or partial nationality or heritage to Colombia. They are the largest South American ethnic group in the United States.

copied from Colombian Americans

Colombian Americans (colombo-americanos, norteamericanos de origen colombiano or estadounidenses de origen colombiano) are Americans who trace their full or partial nationality or heritage to Colombia. The first groups of Colombians likely came to the United States in the early 1800s, later forming communities after World War II. They began to congregate in New York City, South Florida, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., California, Texas and Georgia. Brought to the United States by economic difficulties and violence in Colombia. Many were entering the United States to attend university, until the late 1900 when civil war in Colombia and a subsequent economic crisis encouraged many to seek new lives in the United States.

Before hand
Examples of appropriate research material
 * Break down the articles into sections, they should include at least: the history of the group, chemical and physical properties, occurrence and production of the elements in the group, applications of elements in the group, also see (for extra pertinent information found in other articles), notes and references to explain and cite information
 * Conduct research to gain information on each of the sections. Research can vary in length, if the group is the subject of newer discoveries in chemistry or otherwise more information may be needed. Conversely, if the group hasn’t been researched relatively recently older and more thorough resources may be sufficient to round out each section. Looking at other articles in the sub category, note that they can vary greatly, from only a few in Noble gas to well over a hundred in Group 12 element. If enough information is gathered that doesn’t fit into one of the sections listed above, make a new section to house the new information.

Writing the article body

 * When beginning to write make sure to present knowledge without presenting opinions about the material. Write clearly and concisely, there is no need to drag on information. Use tables and graphs to displace large portions of quantitative data.
 * Prefer neatly organized lists of known quantities over a block of text that spells it all out for each element. Look here for an example of how to lay out a table.
 * Use footnotes to cite where information was retrieved.


 * In the properties sections make sure to include important information about each element, these include, but are not limited to: density, boiling point, melting point, enthalpy of vaporization, solubility, atomic number, atomic radius, ionization energy(ies), electrons in each shell, and orbital configuration. Looking at this section in the Noble gas page attempt to highlight information in the body of the paragraph in a table to the side in order to make the information easier to pick out.
 * Consider adding a data page, like this one for noble gases, to include important known quantities.

Revisions

 * After writing go back and cut out extra information to achieve more compact paragraphs
 * Use the notes feature to provide small anecdotes to supplement information that was omitted for brevity. The notes section of group 12 of the periodic table can be used as an example for how to interject relevant information.


 * All and all the final articles should be a few thousand words. Each section should comprise of several paragraphs.

Writing the lead
Once the article’s body is written go back and write a lead, this should be around 5% the final word count, this is about the length of featured articles in this sub category. The lead should hit the highlights of the elements in the group. A brief overview of a scope of some of the known quantities while highlighting any interesting values or ranges of values. Finally touch on some applications and some history if it is interesting enough to capture the attention of a potential reader.

= Alpaca Work =

Evolution
The family of Camelidaes first arose in Americas 40-45 million years ago during the Eocene period from the common ancestor, Protylopus. 30 million years after the Family first came to be it diverged into Camelini and Lamini, the tribes took different migratory patterns to cross into what we now know as Asia and into South America respectively. Although the Camelids became extinct in North America around 3 million years ago their cousins in the South flourished into the tribes we see today. It wasn't until 2-5 million years ago, during the Pliocene epoch that the genus Hemiauchenia of the tribe Lamini split into Peleolama and Lama, the latter would then split again into Lama and Vicugna upon migrating down to South America.

The remains of the Vicugna vicugna and Lama guanicoe have been found throughout Peru for around 12,000 years. Their domesticated counterparts, the llama and alpacas have been found mummified in the Moquegua valley in the south of Peru dating back 900 to 1000 years. Mummies found in this region have allowed for two breeds of alpacas. More precise analysis of bone and teeth of these mummies have allowed some researchers to posit that alpacas were domesticated from the Vicugna vicugna. Other research, considering the behavioral and morphological characteristics of alpacas and their wild counter parts, seem to indicate that alpacas could find their origins in Lama guanicoe as well as Vicugna vicugna, or even a hybrid of both.

Mitochondrial DNA paints a different picture for the origins of the alpaca. mtDNA research shows that alpacas are descendants of the Vicugna vicugna, not of the Lama guanicoe. Even leading to movements for the alpaca to be reclassified to Vicugna pacos.

Breeds
Alpacas come in two breeds Suri and Huacaya. For alpacas, breeds don't represent conventional, or European classifications, for breeds. Instead of taking into account a stud book or registry, alpacas are classified by their fibers. Even back to the earliest found alpacas these distinctions in fibers can be isolated at fleece diameter at 23.6 um and 17.9 um. Presently however these fibers are more on the order of 31.2 um and 26.8 um.

Huacaya alpacas have a denser fleece than their Suri counter parts. They are also the most common kind of alpaca found, about 90% of the population. The Huacaya alpaca is thought to have originated in post-colonial Peru. This is due to their thicker fleece which makes them more suited to survive in the higher altitudes of the Andes after being pushed into the highlands of Peru when conquistadors began taking over.

Suri alpacas represent a smaller portion of the total alpaca population, around 10%, since their fleece is longer and less dense. They are thought to have been more prevalent in pre-Columbian Peru since they could be kept at a lower altitude where a thicker fleece not needed for extenuating weather conditions.

Cultural presence
Alpacas are closely tied to cultural practices for Andeans people. Prior to colonization the image of the alpaca was used in rituals and in their religious practices. Since the people in the region depended heavily on these animals for their sustenance, the alpaca was seen as a gift from Pachamama. Alpacas being used for their meat, fibers for clothing, and art, and their images in the form of conopas.

Conopas take their appearance from the Suri alpacas, with long locks flanking its sides and bangs covering the eyes, and a depression on the back. This depression is used in ritual practices, usually filled with coca leaves and fat from alpacas and lamas, to bring fertility and luck. While they’re use was prevalent before colonization, the attempts to convert the Andeans people to Catholicism lead to the acquisition of more than 3,400 conopas in Lima alone.

The origin of alpaca is depicted in legend that says they came to be in the world after a goddess fell in love with a man. The goddess’ father only allowed her to be with her lover if he cared for her herd of alpacas. On top of caring for the herd he was to always carry a small animal for his entire life. As she come into our world the alpacas followed her. Everything was fine until the man set the small animal down and the goddess fled back to her home. On her way back home, the man attempted to stop her and her herd from fleeing. While he was not able to stop her from returning he was able to stop a few alpacas from returning. These alpacas who didn’t make it back are seen today in the swampy lands in the Andes waiting for the end of world, so they may return to their goddess.