User:Gardar Rurak/sandbox6

Freedom of Panorama, Protected designation of origin, Fees levied on search engines for news article excerpts

Culture

 * Annual lighting of the Christmas lights on the department store Salling in Søndergade
 * Aarhus University boat races
 * Saint Lucy's Day Ólafur Elíasson ARoS Aarhus Art Museum
 * Saint John's Eve Marselis Hotel Tivoli Friheden http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/sankthansaften.asp#aarhus-c

ee

 * Aarhus Symphony Orchestra
 * Danish National Opera
 * Aarhus Jazz Orchestra
 * Aarhus Girl's Choir
 * Aarhus Garden

Bering-Beder Vejen er en kommende to sporet omfartsvej der vil komme til gå syd om Aarhus. Vejen bliver en del af den fremtidig tredje ringvejs forbindelse der skal går rundt om Aarhus. Den omhandler Djurslandmotorvejen primærrute 15, Østjyske Motorvej, E45 og Bering-Beder Vejen O3.

Links

 * http://www.businessaarhus.dk/da/Styrkepositioner.aspx
 * http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/ECE8585737/opsoegende-strategi-sikrer-byen-flere-turister/
 * http://www.businessaarhus.dk/da/Fremtidens-Aarhus/Igangvaerende-projekter/Arla-Foods-innovationscenter-i-Agro-Food-Park.aspx
 * http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/nyheder-om-turistbranchen-i-aarhus.asp?AjrDcmntId=43621
 * http://www.visitaarhus.dk/aarhus/lonely-planet-sender-aarhus-i-top-over-hotteste-destinationer-i-europa

Reflinks

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 * {&#123;cite web|url=http:// |title=|publisher=|language=|accessdate=|archive-url=http://www.webcitation.org/ |archive-date=28 January 2016|dead-url=no}}
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 * ({&#123;lang-da|}}) &#123;{URL|http|name}}

Source
AarhusWiki.dk | Byhistorie.dk | DenDigitaleByport.dk | Tidsskrift.dk | DanmarksHistorien.dk | Dansk Arkitekturguide | KommuneAtlas | Aarhus Kommunes Distriktsinformation | Arbejderkvarterer i Aarhus | Dansk Kulturarv | Lundskov | Danske Billeder | Kulturstyrelsen | AarhusPortalen | Modstand.NationalMuseet | NationalMuseet | Vikingeskibsmuseet | Marselis.net | Bymuseets Youtube | Aarhus StatsArkiv, Vester Allé Kaserne | KommuneAtlas Gadebeskrivelser | FriluftAar | Skove Uddannelse i Aarhus | AU Nobel | OrmslevKolt Lokalhistorisk Arkiv | BadKort | Database Oldtidsminder | Badevandskvalitet | SejrsSedler | SmagPåAarhus | GrønneSteder | CykelRingen | AAKCS | VejD KortAar HerreForsk AarStift GIS Ark DanskArk 4000Oplvr Bodega LandsU StiftGader Aarhus ArkitekturGuide ByRum og Byliv Fortidens-spor-i-Marselisborg-skove Fortidens-spor-i-Moesgaard-skove Fortidens-spor-i-Floejstrup-skov De-nye-Aarhusskove Henrettelserne-paa-Skaering-Hede

Å | Studstrup | Skæring | Tålfor | Egå | Bellevue | Varna | Ballehage | Blommehaven | Moesgård | Fløjstrup | Mariendal | Ajstrup | Norsminde Natura Giber Å Natura Brabrand Sø Natura Lillering Natura Kysing Fjord

ByMU
http://www.bymuseet.dk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Itemid=47&lang=da http://www.webcitation.org/6exK6xNbf

Natura 2000

 * 232 Lillering Skov, Stjær Skov, Tåstrup Sø og Tåstrup Mose H232 2003 135
 * 233 Brabrand Sø med omgivelser H233 2003 521
 * 234 Giver Å, Enemærket og Skåde Havbakker H234 2003 16
 * 59 Kysing Fjord F30 1998 370
 * http://naturstyrelsen.dk/media/nst/68127/Natura2000%20nr.pdf
 * http://naturstyrelsen.dk/naturbeskyttelse/natura-2000/natura-2000-omraaderne/

Århus bys historie, fra vikingetid til nutid

 * 750-800 - Established as fort and trade post to control the river and exert taxes from traders using Aarhus River
 * Archaeological finds from the Rhine-area
 * Settlement mainly military - civilian settlement outside the fortification at Borgporten
 * 1043 - Norwegian King Magnus the Good fought Svend Estridsen for control of Denmark. Svend gained support from Aros and battle fought in Bay of Aarhus - won by Magnus
 * 1043 - Magnus the Good became ruler of Aarhus for while, coined money inscribed "Magnus Konge", "Lif-sig i Aros"
 * 1050 - Harald Hardrada burns Aros, allied with Magnus.
 * 1050-1300 Christianity and religion increasingly important
 * Early 1100s - Aarhus bishopric starts collecting tithe
 * 1100s - Ramparts strengthened, cobbled ring road built along the ramparts
 * St. Nicolai Church mentioned as first official cathedral in Aarhus, situated where the initial viking church, Holy Trinity Church, was situated
 * 1134, Bishop Ulkil from Aarhus killed in service of king Niels, in Battle of Fotevik, Skåne
 * 1180 - Niels Knudsen, (Niels of Aarhus) buried in wooden chapel within city ramparts - father Knud ruled with Valdemar until killed in coup 1157, grandfather killed in Battle of Fotevik after ruling with King Niels. Valdemar, Brother of Niels of Aarhus, was bishop in Slesvig, rebelled against King Valdemar. Bishop Valdemar created book about the right of Niels-family to danish throne, King Valdemar created his own history with Saxo Grammaticus. The grave of Niels Knudsen became a holy place with claims of miracles performed. Considered challenge to the throne.
 * 1191 - Bishop Svend of Aarhus dies, Peder Vognsen appointed new bishop by the king
 * Aarhus Cathedral built on top of Niels Knudsens grave site
 * Late 1100s - Aarhus Bishopric receives 6 canons funded by donations of land of Peder Vognsen
 * 1203 - Former cathedral of St. Nicolai revenue donated to new Cathedral of sct. Clemens by bishop Peder Vognsen
 * Late 1200s - Aarhus cathedral now has 22 canons, power of the church rising, more like land-owning nobility
 * 1298 - Aarhus bishopric is given revenues by the king for peasant serving leidang
 * 1350 - Black death
 * 1395 - Margrethe I donates money to expand the cathedral
 * 1315 - Few large farms, 1427 many small farms, canons suffer, revenue decrease
 * 1400s - Cathedral rebuilt¨
 * 1470 - Citizenry register established to ensure the privileges of the citizenry can't be exploited
 * 1529 - Dominican order leave due to hostility following the reformation
 * 1536 - Civil war of reformation won, bishopric lands confiscated by the king, lutheran superintendents
 * 1541, 1542, 1546, 1556 - large fires, much reconstruction
 * 1618-1620 - little black death
 * 1627 - city plundered by chr. IVs troops beforer prussian troops arrive
 * 1627-1629 - Occupation
 * 1644-1645 - Occupation
 * 1657-1659 - Occupation
 * 1658-60 - many houses set ablaze by bombardment by sweden
 * 1660 - Absolute monarchy established, previous citizens councils abolished, magistrate absolute power over the city
 * 1682 - 3 mayors, 10 councilmen.
 * 1660-1740 - Much corruption in the all-powerful merchant dominated magistrate
 * Only the bourgeoisie can be elected for council - merchants, ships captains, crafts master, often appointed for life by equivalent of Seignory of the hundred and later the king
 * 1733 - Largest merchant fleet outside copenhagen
 * 1733 havde Århus landets største handelsflåde http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/Vestergade
 * 1740 - 6 member citizens council of wealthiest citizens established to work with magistrate
 * 1740 - ... - King graducally transfers power from a narrow merchant class to the bourgeoisie to ensure their loyalty
 * early 1800 - Economically empowered Bourgeoisie gradually pressures king for more power
 * 1838 - Borgerrepræsentation på 15 medlemmer, can elect two couoncil members. Eligible members must be citizens and have prperty worth 1000 rgdler
 * 1844 - 178 electible out of 7800
 * 1848-1849 - Occupation
 * 1800s - CAttle raising replaced with grain agriculture resulting in more exports through the port
 * 1800s - The merchant's mansions with homes, offices and storehouses were gradually replaced with more specialized businesses
 * 1840 - Denmark becomes grain exporter
 * 1880 - Denmark becomes grain importer due to cheap grain from the US and transition to cattle raising
 * 1896 - KfK founded, grain import more risky and competetitive
 * 1898 - JaF Jysk Andels-Foderforretning founded in response to KfK
 * 1900 - Margarine factory in Vestergade covers 45% of the Danish margarine consumption of 23 million kg.
 * late 1897 - 500 wokers at KfK strike, scabs are brought in and housed in municipal buildings
 * 1850 - 3 schools, workers, middle class and upper class - katedralskolen
 * 1879 - Vester allé kaserne bygges
 * 1879 - Høeghguldberggades Kaserne
 * 1889 - Langelandsgade kaserne
 * 1868 - 1908 - Mayor elected by the king, share power with 19 member council where 9 were elected by the wealthiest 1/5 of the city while the remaining were elected by everybody.
 * 1888 - first Vestre in city council
 * 1894 - First social democrat
 * 1871 - first labour union later disbanded in 1879
 * Øgadekvarteret the first working class neighborhood
 * 1883 - 8 unions for different craftsmen
 * Unions growing strength by the turn of the century, first confrontation at KfK, scabs invited in, protected by city, strike broken and lost
 * 100 Danish Americans visit the Landsudstillingen in 1909, cost 250.000 DKK
 * south harbor finished, east pier lengthened, harbor expanded through 20s and 30s
 * 1962 Aarhus Municipality repeatedly tried to get sorrounding municipalities absorbed but failed. In 1962 Skejby/Lisbjerg Parishes, northern Hasle, part of Tilst and Vejlby were annexed.
 * 1960 - Families tend to leave the city while retirees, students and the poor remain behind
 * 1970 - Municipal reform, right-wing suburban municipalities vs social democratic Aarhus, opposition
 * 1950s - industry leaves the city for the suburbs, 20% fewer
 * Early 1960s - Aarhus home port for international shipping routes and for receiving Japanese cars
 * 1950s - Jazz - Cirkle Jazz, Saratoga, Panama, Club Harlem
 * 1950 - 3 newspapers, Aarhus Stiftstidende (70%), Aarhus Amtstidende, Demokraten, Konservative, Venstre, Socialdemokratiet, in 194 Stiften had monopoly

Crafts masters 1897

 * Bakers 43
 * Plumbers 19
 * Accountants 17
 * Bødkere 11
 * Drejere 11
 * Glarmestre 17
 * Goldsmiths 12
 * Malermestre 42
 * Masons 56
 * Saddlers 23


 * Tailors 51
 * Butchers 48
 * Smith 41
 * Snedker 68
 * Træskoemestre 26


 * Gas and water master 17
 * Shoemaker 94
 * Tømrermester 48
 * Watchmakers 29

Businesses 1897

 * Viktualie 14
 * Isenkram 16
 * Maskandiser 26
 * Tobaks 27
 * Øltappere 40
 * Brændselshandler 43
 * Grønthandler 50
 * Urtekram og delikatesser 59
 * Detail og købmandsforretninger 170

Companies 1897

 * Single person company: 368
 * 1-5 employees: 592
 * 6-20 employees: 186
 * >20 employees 61
 * Companies in total: 1207
 * Workers: 6887

Rail lines

 * 1862 - Äarhus-Langå-Randers
 * 1863-65 - Aarhus-Langå-Viborg-Struer
 * 1868 - Aarhus-Fredericia
 * 1871 - Aarhus-Skanderborg-Silkeborg
 * 1877 - Aarhus-Ryomgård-Grenå
 * 1884 - Aarhus-Odder-Hov
 * 1901 - Aarhus-Hammel-Thorsø

Rail cargo

 * 1967-68 Cargo: 9300, Tickets: 33000
 * 1876-77 Cargo: 71200 Tickets: 175000
 * 1886-87 Cargo: 113900 Tickets: 279400
 * 1896-97 Cargo: 244000 Tickets: 328600
 * 1906-07 Cargo: 370900 Tickets: 388300

Aarhus: Byens Historie. 1720-1870

 * 1720 - 1800s - 8 city gates
 * Most of the city is the on nortern side of the river
 * 1740 - New institution, eligible citizens to be councilled for large exoenses
 * Mid 1700s - 800 houses, farms and booths mostly half-timbered
 * 1770 - First small factories - leather, soap, oil and tobacco
 * 1800s- Construction in brick wall begins with classicism
 * 1850 - City gates and walls removed to allow expansion
 * 1800 - About 4000 inhabitants, smaller than Randers and Ålborg
 * Bishop and Prefect at the top followed by civil servants, mayor and council members elected from the wealthy merchant class
 * 1871 - Still more than 1000 cows, horses, sheep within the city
 * 1873 - Cholera kills 213
 * Highly dependent on trade, from mid 1700s growth but then Napoleonic wars bankrupted some merchants
 * In early 1800s - transportation changes, roads expanded, railway
 * 1820s - First real industrial companies
 * Købstadsforordningen of 1682 - city council was 2 mayors and 3 council members, the Magistrate, controlled by the royal representative the Amtmann
 * 1837 - First municipal politicians, to control the city together with the council
 * 1868 - Reform, first city council

Den Gamle By blog - amter
Webcitation
 * 1662 - The medieval fiefs reformed into counties and Aarhus County is established.
 * Counties led by Amtmand. In addition Stiftamtsmand was appointed to the 6 Dioceses to manage the diocese and the counties with together with the bishop.
 * 1660-1793 - 49 counties gradually reformed to 24.
 * 1793 - County reform, the 24 counties reformed to 18.
 * 1849-1919 - Stiftamtmanden also functions as amtmand.
 * 1920 - Schleswig plebiscites, 1920. Schleswig re-united.
 * 1924 - County council members appointed for 6 years, elected by an electoral college chosen by the parishes.
 * 1960 - Electoral period reduced to 4 and members of the council elected directly by voters.
 * 1970 - 1970 Danish Municipal Reform. Municipalities reduced from 1,098 to 277. Counties reduced to 14 and the position of Amtmand reformed to County Mayor subject to elections.
 * 2007 - Strukturreformen. Municipalities reduced to 98, counties reduced from 14 to 5.

Aarhus kommune - byrådet

 * 1838 - Electoral reform. 15 municipal politicians elected to control the city with the Magistrate.
 * Strict eligibility rules, only the wealthiest could be elected, in 1844 174 out of 7000.
 * 1849 - Denmark gets constitution and new electoral laws. The greater half of the representatives to be elected by all citizens while the other half was elected by the highest taxed.
 * The Magistrate consisted of the Mayor and 3 council members. The Mayor and one council members was selected by the king. The other councillors was selected by and from the representatives.
 * 1869 - Citizen Representation reformed to a city council with 19 members. 10 members elected by all citizens, 9 by the highest taxed. The highest taxed had 2 votes. 6 year electoral periods with elections for the greater and lesser half every 3 years.
 * 1909 - Electoral periods changed to 4 years and everybody elected at the same time. Privileged electoral system abolished. Women given voting rights. Social Demokrats wins 11 of 19 seats in 1909.
 * 1919 - First publicly elected mayor.
 * 1950 - System changed to a magistrate. 1 mayor with 4 councillors elected from and by the city council. Each councillor heads one department associated with Committee consisting of 5 city council members.

Webcitations

 * Byens råd 1838 - 1868
 * Byens råd 1869 - 1919
 * Byens råd 1919 - 1969
 * Byens råd 1970 - i dag

Tourist

 * New York Times, Places to go 13 --> WebCite
 * National Geografik 10 happiest places --> Webcite
 * Stiften, 10 lykkeligste

Meulengracht
was a Danish and Dutch family that spawned politicians and businessmen. The initial immigrants came from the Spanish Netherlands to Denmark in the late 1500s and later became one of the wealthiest and prominent families in Jutland in the 19th century. The initial immigrant was a Dutch silk weaver who settled in Copenhagen in the late 1500s. In the mid-1700s Lars Christian Meulengracht inherited Aarhus Mill in Aarhus and until the 1900s the family would be influential businessmen, politicians and land-owners in the region.