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Second World War
On 9 April 1940 Germany invaded Denmark, occupying Aarhus the following day and 5 years hence. The occupation was a destructive period with major disasters, loss of life and economic depression. The Port of Aarhus became a hub for supplies to the Baltics and Norway while the surrounding rail network facilitated construction of the Atlantic Wall along the west-Jutland coast. Combined this resulted in a large German garrison, especially in 1944–45 when German forces were shifted from Norway to Germany. The first years were peaceful in conjunction with the policies of the Danish Protectorate Government, but following the enactment of the Communist Law in August 1941, resistance to the occupation grew in intensity with repression and terror in response.

The earliest resistance groups appeared in 1941–42 but the first to coordinate with the Freedom Council was the Samsing Group, responsible for most operations from early 1943. On 2 December 1943, 5 resistance fighters were executed on Skæring Hede in the first mass execution in Denmark. In June 1944 the resistance in and around Aarhus was dismantled when Grethe "Thora" Bartram turned family and others over to German authorities. In response, requests for assistance was sent to contacts in England and in October 1944 the Royal Air Force bombed the Gestapo headquarters successfully destroying archives and obstructing the ongoing investigation. To restore the resistance the 5 Kolonne group was established along with the L-groups, tasked with assassinating collaborators. The new groups proved effective and by late 1944 resistance had grown such in intensity which was countered with Schalburgtage terror operations by the Peter Group beginning in August 1944. The increasingly destructive occupation was compounded when an ammunition barge exploded in 1944, destroying much of the harbor and damaging the inner city. On 5 May 1945 German forces in Denmark surrendered but during the transitional period fighting broke out between the resistance and German soldiers resulting in 22 dead. Order was restored by the end of the day and on 8 May the British Royal Dragoons entered the city.

Second World War
On 9 April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark, occupying Aarhus the following day and 5 years hence. The occupation was a destructive period with major disasters, loss of life and economic depression. The Port of Aarhus became a hub for supplies to the Baltics and Norway while the surrounding rail network supplied the Atlantic Wall in west Jutland and cargo headed for Germany. Combined these factors resulted in a strong German presence especially in 1944-45. The first years were peaceful in conjunction with the policies of the Danish Protectorate Government but following the enactment of the Communist Law in August 1941 the first armed resistance commenced, gradually growing in intensity over the years with repression and terror in response.

Small, independent resistance groups first appeared in 1941-42 but the first to coordinate with the Freedom Council was the Samsing Group, responsible for most operations from early 1943. The Samsing group, along with others in and around Aarhus, was dismantled in June 1944 when Grethe "Thora" Bartram turned her family and acquaintances over to German authorities. In response requests for assistance was sent to contacts in England and in October of 1944 the Royal Air Force bombed the Gestapo headquarters successfully destroying the archives and obstructing the investigation. The 5 Kolonne group was established with assistance from Holger Danske to restore a resistance movement in Aarhus along with the L-groups, tasked with assasinating collaborators. Resistance operations escalated from mid-1944 with most major sabotage operations and assassinations occurring in the period 1944-45. The growing resistance was countered with 19 Schalburgtage terror operations by the Peter Group from August 1944, including large-scale fire bombings and murders. The destruction was compounded by a large explosion in the summer of 1944 when an ammunition barge exploded, destroying much of the harbor and damaging the inner city. On 5 May 1945 German forces in Denmark surrendered but during the transitionary period fighting broke out in Aarhus between the resistance and German soldiers resulting in 20 dead. Order was restored by the end of the day and on 8 May the British Royal Dragoons officially liberated the city.

The history of Aarhus during the Second World War was a period of dramatic change and destruction. Aarhus became occupied by German forces on the 10th of April 1940, the day after the German invasion of Denmark had begun.

Throughout the war Aarhus became an increasingly important center for the German military due to its railway and port facilities and by the end of the war there was some 7.000 German troops in the occupying force.

Communists forced underground

Civil disobedience and resistance was increasing and in August 1943 the 5 Kolonne (English: Fifth Column) resistance group conducted sabotage operations throughout the city contributing to the August Crisis Increasing civil disobedience and resistance resulted in schalburtage terror operations between the Summer of 1944 to the end of the occupation. By the end of the war Aarhus was a marked z

, destroying many buildings and killing some 30 people. By the end of the war Aarhus had been experienced extensive destruction.

Grethe Bartram

Invasion and occupation

 * 9. April, 1940 - Germany invades Denmark, planes drop leaflets OPROP!
 * 10. april, 1940 - German troops arrive

Et enkelt af de tyske fly nødlandede på Vejlby mark, nord for vandtårnet, og trak en del lokale tilskuere. Fra flyene var de berømte flyveblade med ”Oprop! Til de Danske Soldater og Danske Folk” blevet kastet ned over byen, men ellers lod tyskerne vente på sig.

Hele dagen indløb der meldinger om, at de var ankommet til Aarhus, men hver gang viste det sig, at tropperne skulle videre op i Jylland. De eneste blivende tyskere bestod således foreløbig i tre armerede trawlere, der ankom til havnen om eftermiddagen, og nedlage forbud mod, at andre skibe forlod havnen.

Først dagen efter, d. 10. april, ankom omkring 250 tyske soldater til Aarhus. Officererne blev indkvarteret på hotel Royal, de menige på Høegh-Guldberg Gades kaserne og Læssøegades skole, og der blev gjort klar til yderligere 200 på Langelandsgades og Sønder Allés kaserner. De 180 danske soldater, der var indkvarteret i Aarhus, flyttede til vandrerhjemmet i Risskov og senere til Forsørgelsesvæsenets bygning på Vester Allé, den tidligere fattiggård. Tyskernes hovedkvarter blev indrettet i Regina-bygningen midt i byen, hvor det lå krigen ud.

1941

 * August ’41 - British RAF bombs Kongsvang-viadukten in Viby
 * 21. oktober - British RAF bombs Aarhus Oilefabrik

Sabotagenatten

 * Fortegnelse over alarmer 10.-11. august 1943:
 * Kl. 23.00 begyndte maskinsnedkeriet på Lystrupvej i Vejlby at brænde
 * Kl. 23.57 var turen kommen til en tysk bus i et værksted på Trøjborg
 * Kl. 24.00 antændtes en voldsom brand i et af værnemagtens lagre i Østergade
 * Kl. 00.30 brand i modelsnedkeriet i Knudris Gade
 * Kl. 00.38 brand i Aarhus Yacht Værft ved Fiskerihavnen
 * Kl. 01.30 mindre brand i et sadelmagerværksted i Studsgade
 * Kl. 04.20 brand i en tysk godsvogn ved Østbanegården
 * kl. (ukendt) sprængtes to tyske militærbarakker ved Brendstrupgaard

4th July catastrophe

 * 4. juli ’44 - 4th July catastrophe

Schalburtage

 * 22. august 1944 – Aarhus Sporvejes sporvognsremise på Dalgas Avenue sprænges i luften. 25 sporvogne, 21 bivogne og 19 trambusser bliver ødelagt. Kun en bivogn blev skånet.
 * 13. september 1944 – Hus i Fredensgade sprænges i luften
 * 26. september 1944 – Hus på Silkeborgvej 39 sprænges i luften
 * 30. september 1944 – Aarhus-Hallen sprænges i luften. Huset ved siden af styrter sammen. Fem mennesker dør.
 * 1. oktober 1944 - Lysagers Fjederfabrik i Viby og Johannes Torvins villa i Åbyhøj sprænges i luften.
 * 9. oktober 1944 – Petergruppen ødelægger Demokratens bygning på Banegårdspladsen.
 * 18. oktober 1944 – Petergruppen ødelægger frugthandler Niels Kjelsen Nielsens forretning i Nørregade og slagtermester Hørslev Nielsens forretning i Samsøgade 75.
 * 11. november 1944 – Fem bygninger på Strøget ødelægges af Petergruppens bomber. Molles Kro i Kannikegade ødelægges.
 * 12. november 1944 – Bygninger på Søndergade 10-14, 23- 27, 29 og 58-60 sprænges i luften eller udsættes for hærværk
 * 2. december 1944 – Aarhus Håndværkerforenings lokaler på Paradisgade 3 sprænges i luften. En person, en servitrice, bliver dræbt.
 * 21. januar 1945 – Vennelyst Teateret i Vennelystparken sprænges i luften.
 * 21. februar 1945 – Aarhus Rådhus udsættes for bombeangreb.
 * 22. februar 1945 – Petergruppen udøver store ødelæggelser med fosfor-, spræng- og brandbomber i Guldsmedgade, Nørregade, Ryesgade og Aarhus Teater. Syv mennesker omkommer i brandene og et vidne myrdes.
 * 23. februar 1945 – Petergruppen forsøger at ødelægge Skt. Clemens Bro. Broen holder, men det går hårdt ud over bygninger i nærheden.
 * 13. marts 1945 – Bombe på Risskovtoget, hvor to mennesker bliver dræbt. Aarhus Rådhus bombes for anden gang.
 * 28. marts 1945 – Bombeangreb mod Risskovtoget og Hammelbanens tog.
 * 29. marts 1945 - Redaktør på Århus Stiftstidende Børge Schmidt bliver skudt og dræbt i sin seng i et såkaldt clearingmord.
 * 20. april 1945 – Frugthandler Niels Kjelsen Nielsens forretning i Studsgade ødelægges af en bombe. Det er anden gang Kjelsen Nielsens forretninger bliver ramt.
 * 26. april 1945 – Troels Finks hus på Gentoftevej 19 sprænges i luften.

Occupation ends

 * 4 May, 1945 - Official announcement, celebrations
 * 8. maj, 1945 - British troops arrive (The Royal Dragoons)

Slaget om Bispetorvet / Aarhus’ befrielse
Aarhus blev i alt 15 dræbt og omkring 50 såret i forskellige sammenstød. Det gik værst for sig på Bispetorvet, hvor otte blev dræbt og 30 såret. I løbet af natten havde modstandsgrupper besat forskellige vigtige poster i byen, blandt andet rådhuset, og i Kannikegade 12 havde de indrettet hovedkvarter. Da en lille gruppe tyske soldater kl. 9.20 passerede forbi her, udbrød der kampe. De varede næsten tre timer, og foregik tværs over Bispetorvet - hvor der kort forinden havde befundet sig hundredvis af civile, der fulgte med i modstandsfolkenes arbejde. En del af dem blev fanget i krydsilden, der også forhindrede redningsfolk i at nå frem. Efterfølgende var begge sider enige i, at skyderierne var en fejltagelse.
 * 5. maj 1945

List
List from

Jyske Sabotører - Salomon Hansen

 * Første sabotørgruppe: Gram-gruppen: Gunnar Gram, Gustav Lindvald, Walther Moesgaard, Otto Pedersen, Christian Bartram
 * Dissolved after Grethe Bartram
 * Willy Schmidt gruppen, Erik Andersen, Lauritz Jacobsen, Mogens Jensen, Erik Pedersen
 * Dissolved after Willy Schmidt was killed at the glass works operation
 * 11 April - Sabotagerøveri imod Guldbjerg-Jacobsen i Højbjerg
 * 8 Maj - Harry Samsing stukket af sønnen
 * Arresteret 12 Maj, idømt 6 år tugthus
 * Nordahl Mortensen informed on Samsing on 6 December, 1943
 * Police informed the group of Nordahl Mortensen and no actions were taken by Gestapo

Århus besat

 * 82 german planes spotted flying north
 * Many rumours of battles, 5000 killed at the border, battles at Ålborg and Esbjerg
 * Leaflets dropped

Ikke noget theselskab: Var vi terrorister?

 * Samsing gruppen virkede fra 15 September 1943 til 8 May 1945
 * Ledet af Willy Samsing "Frandsen"
 * Willy Samsing formand for DKP på Trøjborg
 * Gruppen bestod foruden Willy Samsings tre brødre af en hård kerne på 10-12 mand
 * Willy Samsing syntes at have styret flere grupper
 * Samsing brødrene - Willy, Harry, Alandy, Jens
 * Den 6.juni 1944 blev den kommunistiske sabotør og medlem af Samsing-gruppen, Otto Christensen, arresteret af Gestapo.
 * Otto Christensen blev ført til fangelejren i Frøslev og senere til den tyske koncentrationslejr KL-Neuengamme.
 * december 1943, lykkedes det tyskerne at optrævle den del af modstandsbevægelsen, der stod for modtagelse af våben og sprængstoffer.