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Adverse Effects of Other Ingredients

Overview

Pre-workout is known for its many benefits in terms of physical performance, but the adverse effects that can come along with it aren't as well known. The different compounds in MIPS, or Multi Ingredient Pre-Workout can have different adverse effects. Such effects aren't always apparent but can influence many elements of your health including, heart issues, skin issues and mood changes.

Common Issues

A survey study in MDPI, which quotes research from other pre-workout studies, found that the most common side effects reported were skin issues, heart abnormalities, and nausea. They reported that 19.2% experienced lightheadedness, 25.6% experienced nausea, 23.4% experienced heart issues, and 34.3% experienced skin reactions. The article attributes the skin issues to Beta-Alanine and Niacin, which can result in a facial flushing effect and paresthesia. The survey also reported that 84.9% believed that the level they consumed pre-workout was safe and that 54% of those surveyed had experienced side effects. A different study by Cureus, notes a difference in anger, tension, and vigor at increasing rates, 2.0 compared to 1.4 for anger, 8.6 to 5.9 for tension, and 15.2 to 9.7 for vigor. This article also showed that diastolic blood pressure is slightly increased after use but with no statistical significance. These numbers come from surveys to placebo and test groups done before and after the study. The presence of an increased heart rate found in the study by Cureus, and the heart abnormalities reported in the study by MDPI, could be attributed to the caffeine commonly used in pre-workout.

Adverse Effects of Synephrine

In a study by Springer, cardiovascular issues from a banned supplement, and one being currently used are researched. In 2004, the FDA prohibited the sale of products containing Ephedra, this was due to cases of severe health effects, namely cardiovascular and neurological issues. Since then a new supplement with a similar structure, Synephrine, has emerged to take its place in many supplements. The case study notes a number of cases, mainly dealing with weight loss supplements, where users have noted fainting, dizziness, and chest pain as the main effects. Eight out of 30 were diagnosed with Acute coronary syndrome, and five patients were left with lasting effects and on medication. The compound has been debated on being banned in many countries, such as the Netherlands. This supplement is found in many pre-workouts, even though it is mainly used in weight loss supplements.

Jagim, A. R., Camic, C. L., & Harty, P. S. (2019, April 16). Common habits, adverse events, and opinions regarding pre-workout supplement use among regular consumers. Nutrients. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520716/

Curtis, J., Evans, C., Mekhail, V., Czartoryski, P., Santana, J. C., & Antonio, J. (2022, May 10). The effects of a pre-workout supplement on measures of alertness, mood, and lower-extremity power. Cureus. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9179939/

de Jonge, M. L. L., Kieviet, L. C., Sierts, M., Egberink, L. B., & van der Heyden, M. A. G. (2023, January 13). Review of case reports on adverse events related to pre-workout supplements containing synephrine. Cardiovascular toxicology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9859859/

Harty, P. S., Zabriskie, H. A., Erickson, J. L., Molling, P. E., Kerksick, C. M., & Jagim, A. R. (2018, August 8). Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: A brief review. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6083567/