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Hangman's fractures Treatment (C_(2 )) Based on the studies of Hangman's fractures〖 (C〗_(2 )) treatment, Chen, Xiao-Dong et al (2006) showed that Hangman's fractures is called spondylolisthesis by Schneider et al in 1965. The parts that connects to the spine such as the lamina, articular facets, pedicles, or pars of the axis vertebra. Hangman's fractures treatments should be needed such as both non-surgical or surgical according to Sasso (2001), a department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Indiana University School of Medicine. Sasso (2001) showed that people who treated non-surgical on all type I - III of Hangman's fracture have a negative disease results with a low percent between 35-85%. Sasso (2001) also studied that people who went on the surgical treatment will not affected by pin site infections, brain abscesses, facet joint stiffness, loss of spinal alignment, and skin break-down. Another studies about the surgical treatment of is the ring of axis that Barsa P et al (2006) conducted a 30 cases within 41 patients to treat by using anterior cervical fixation and fusion and 11 cases treated by a posterior CT. As a result, Barsa P et al (2006) showed that the result of fracture fusion reduced after one year but only one patient died of other disease during the follow-up. Besides, Hakalo J., Wronski J. (2008) both showed that operative treatment such as using transoral C2-C3 discectomy with plate-cage stabilization or posterior direct pars screw repair for the reducing and healing process. Finally, as a result of the research studies, De Ridder D., Thimineur M. (2007) founded out that there are 12 people including females and males that are 48 years old had gone under the Hangman's fracture treatment of peripheral neurostimulation of the C2 scalp which has reduced their six months pain levels of FM.

References Pubmed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18028042 Article Title: C2 area neurostimulation: A surgical treatment for fibromyalgia De Ridder D; Thimineur M. (2007). C2 area neurostimulation: A surgical treatment for fibromyalgia. 8(8):639-43. Retrieved from Pubmed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18365960 Article Title: Operative treatment of hangman's fractures of C2. Posterior direct pars screw repair or anterior plate-cage stabilization? Hakalo J; Wronski J. (2008). Operative treatment of hangman's fractures of C2. Posterior direct pars screw repair or anterior plate-cage stabilization? 42(1): 28-36. Retrieved from Pubmed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17140513 Article Title: Surgical treatment of fracture of the ring of axis - "hangman's fracture". Barsa P; Buchvald P; Frohlich R; Hradil J; Lukas R; Suchomel P; & Taller S. (2006). Surgical treatment of fracture of the ring of axis - "hangman's fracture". 73(5): 321-8. Retrieved from Pubmed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3489291/ Article Title: A systematic review of the management of hangman's fracture Chen, Xiao-Dong; Dai, Li-Yang; Li, Xin-Feng; & Lu, Hua. (2006). A systematic review of the management of hangman's fracture. 15(3): 257-269. Retrieved from Pubmed. Journal Article Peer Reviewed

Sasso, Rick C. (2001). C2 Dens Fractures: Treatment Options. Journal of Spinal Disorders. 14(5): 455-463.

Images

Fig. (a) above is retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray87.png#filehistory. Fig. (b) above is retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Hangman%27s_fracture.JPG.