User:Gauravkumar4291/Notes/CA/Vision/2021

= POLITY AND CONSTITUTION =

Parliamentary Scrutiny

 * 1) Background
 * 2) * Farmers protest against agricultural laws - ignited the    debate     on effectiveness of the parliamentary scrutiny over     the executive  1.      Parliamentary Scrutiny of the government
 * 3) * Parliament is the    embodiment of the people`s will and is mandated to scrutinize the     functioning of the government
 * 4) * Parliament is equipped with    a number of instruments for close and continuous scrutiny of the     functioning of the govt. These are:
 * 5) *# Discussion/debate : Debate     on bills, issues of public interest, loopholes in any laws or proposed      bills
 * 6) *# Question     hour : First hour of business every day. Members can ask      questions on every aspect f administration and governmental activity
 * 7) *# Parliamentary     Committees : Carry out detailed scrutiny of the proposed      legislation. These are closed door meetings, and members are not bound by      party whips  2.      What renders parliamentary scrutiny of the govt. ineffective?
 * 8) *# Deciding     the duration and timing of the session of the Parliament is govt.`s      prerogative
 * 9) *#* A85 of      the constitution, the time gap between the two sessions cannot be more       than 6 months.
 * 10) *#* However,      it is the govt. (Cabinet committee on parliamentary affairs) that       decides the exact time and duration of the parliamentary session.
 * 11) *#* Thus, it      is seen as a conflict with the principle of govt. being accountable to       the parliament.
 * 12) *#** There       is no fixed calendar for the session, the govt. shuffles around the dates        of sessions to accommodate political and legislative exigencies
 * 13) *# Disruptions     during question hour
 * 14) *# Not     referring bills to the parliament committees  3.      What needs to be done to ensure effectiveness of the parliamentary scrutiny?
 * 15) *# Insulate     the functioning of Parliament from externalities
 * 16) *#* For      unforeseen externalities (like the COVID), parliamentary rules should be       relaxed to allow for its functioning with reduced number of members or       hybrid participation (virtual and physical)
 * 17) *# Parliament     should have the power to regulate its procedure, sittings and timings
 * 18) *# Annual     calendar for the sessions
 * 19) *#* Ex:      Australia, UK release an annual calendar with sitting dates at the beginning       of the year
 * 20) *# Minimum     no. of sittings should be fixed
 * 21) *# Shadow     cabinet
 * 22) *#* Ex: UK,      Canada and Australia forms a shadow cabinet
 * 23) *#* Under      such system, opposition MPs track a certain portfolio, scrutinise its       performance and suggest alternate programs
 * 24) *# Changing     certain provisions of the Anti-defection law
 * 25) *#* Members      should be allowed to freely vote on various matters
 * 26) *# Similar     reforms should be done in the state legislative assemblies  Ø  Conclusion:  o  Parliament`s scrutiny of the govt. is crucial not only for upholding the accountability of the govt. to people of India but also for improving the quality of laws drafted.  Strengthening the instruments of parliamentary scrutiny can go a long way in minimizing the potential implementation challenges

Voting rights to NRIs
= INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS =

Chabahar Port
= ECONOMY =

Farm Mechanisation
= SECURITY =

National Security Directive on the Telecom Sector
= ENVIRONMENT=

Mount Everest Grows to New Height
= SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY =

Srinivasa Ramanujan
= SOCIAL ISSUES =

Malnutrition among Children
= CULTURE =

Jyotiba Phule
= ETHICS =

Citizen Engagement in Policymaking
= SCHEMES IN NEWS =

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)
= NEWS IN SHORTS =