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== Pretoria Accord = The Pretoria Accord was an July 2002 agreement made by Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the goal of which was to bring an end to the Second Congo War. Rwanda withdrew 20,000 of its troops which were stationed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In return for this, the Democratic Republic of the Congo agreed to help international commitment for the disbanding of the extremist Hutu militia known as the interahamwe, and ex-FAR fighters. The peace talks were held in the city of Pretoria in South Africa, and they lasted for five days. Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo have reached an agreement, the goal of which is to end four years of war between the two countries. According to the agreement, Rwanda is expected to withdraw its troops from eastern Congo. In return, the Congolese will disarm the Hutu extremists who perpetrated the Rwandan Genocide, and put the extremist leaders on trial. Joseph Kabila, the President of the Congo, explained that the Congolese people were tired of war, and that they would “face up to their responsibility by ending it”. The Rwandan President, on the other hand, was more cautious in his analysis, saying that the agreement would pave the way toward eventual peace. The two leaders are said not to dislike each other, but skeptics of the deal claim that the ninety day deadline given for the Congolese to finish off the interahamwe militias (the aforementioned extremists), who are are not believed to be willing to surrender themselves. In response to this criticism, the President of Rwanda states that he intends to kill the leadership of the interahamwe, rather than focusing on their tens of thousands of members. The Pretoria Agreement is quite unrealistic because of the unclarity surrounding the expected actions that are to be done. Also, the time frame given is quite unrealistic, due to the fact that 90 days are not believed to be enough time to defeat the Hutu extremists. An important step for the peace between Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda to be established was the disarmament of the Hutu rebels. The United Nations program to help disarm, demobilize (United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, or MONUSCO for short) has failed. Only a few hundred Rwandan ex-rebels were repatriated and has opened only one demobilisation centre in Lubero. Reasons for failure: First, the political and security environment is generally unfavorable for the deployment of United Nations forces (which themselves have been disorganised). The combining of armed forces and warlords sympathetic to the Hutu rebels make it difficult to disarm hostile forces that are at least 15,000 strong. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda have left their military options open, thus creating tension that has only worsened the conflict in the northern province. No sides have made a move in disarming the armed forces. The only option left was for the disarmament of the rebels by force, but it has been tried and it has failed. Internal problems have also made it difficult to achieve the agreement.