User:Ggaddar/The Great Soviet WWII Mobilization and Forced Evacuation to Uzbekistan

In 1941 Uzbekistan's population was only 6.5 million, including Tashkent - 470 000.

During the World War II, more than 200 large industrial enterprises have switched to the production of weapons and equipment. Among these plants were "Tashselmash", locomotive plant, Chirchik electrochemical as well as textile and clothing industry.

On June 26, 1941, a mandatory overtime was introduced. Workers put in 13 hour shifts, six days a week,no vacations. All working on military production declared mobilized and were assigned to the enterprises. The first of these brigades were created in Uzbekistan in October 1941. at the plant Tashselmash, and by early 1942 in the republic there were more than 1,500.

In record time, 2 months, was built by North Tashkent canal. In a short time built Verhnechirchiksky, Northern Fergana, Soh-Shahimardansky, Uch-Kurgan channels Kasanayskoe Kattakurgan and reservoirs, etc. For the sugar beet processing built Zerabulaksky, Krasnogvardejskij, Kokand and Yangiyul sugar factories. During the war of Agriculture, Uzbekistan gave the country 4 mln.806 tons of raw cotton, 54.1 thousand tons of silkworm cocoons, 1 million 282 thousand tons of grain, 482 tons of potatoes and vegetables, 57.5 thousand tons of fruits and grapes, 36 tons of dried fruits, 259 tons of meat, 22.3 thousand tons of wool. Uzbekistan has been actively involved in assisting areas liberated from German occupation. There sent personnel, equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, agricultural machinery. Livestock, feed the western areas, was 182 thousand Despite the acute shortage of agricultural staff, from Uzbekistan to Ukraine and the Stavropol Territory in March 1943 was sent to 1.595 tractor, 245 foremen tractor brigades, 50 combine, etc.

By mid-1942 in Uzbekistan, restructuring of the economy on a war footing in the main has been completed. Lives of the people has deteriorated dramatically. In the cities have introduced rationing. Workers and employees receiving at 400-500, the bread a day, dependent on the 300-400, the rationing was introduced for meat, fish, fats, cereals, pasta, but it often does not withstand cards were not otovarennymi. The rural population rationing system is not extended. Wages and salaries were increased, but in an acute shortage of food and goods, money is devalued. During thethe years of war in the republic came a million evacuees of various nationalities,including about 200,000 children. They were given more than 135 thousand square meters. meters of floor space, was their employment. Residents of Uzbekistan shared with them the last piece of bread, clothing and shelter. More than 4,500 children were adopted into families of Uzbeks. Family Shamakhmudov has adopted 15 orphans, H. Samadova - 13, F. Kasymova - 10, etc.

Uzbekistan gave the front more than 2 thousand planes, more than 1.7 aviamotors, same amount of mine-throwers, 22 million mines, 560 thousand ammunition supplies, more than 2 million aviabombs, about 1 million grenades, 330 thousand parachutes, 5 armored trains, more than 100 thousand cables and ets.

Узбекистан дал фронту более 2 тыс. самолетов, более 1,7 тыс. авиамоторов, столько же минометов, 22 млн. мин, 560 тыс. снарядов, более 2 млн. авиабомб, около 1 млн. гранат, 330 тыс. парашютов, 5 бронепоездов, более 100 тыс. кабеля и т.д.

During 100 factories The Textile Macninery Factory of Leningrad, Red Aksai, Rostselmash, Sumskoi compressor factory Carborundum factory of Dnepropetrovsk, Moscow factories Podyomnik, Electrostanok, chemical plant of Stalingrad and much more. Out of those, 55 were placed in Tashken and Tashkent District, 14 factories and mills- into Samarkand district, 22- Ferghana Valley, 2- Bukhara Region. On the new headquarters of the evacuated equipment, 47 new, and also the quality of local Industrial Enterpice has increased. The incorporation of the evacuated enterprices ( see another word) was administered under a very tight schedule.

113 war hospitals were placed all over Uzbekistan under the patronage of 750 enterprises, facilities, collectives/kolhozi and farms/sovhozi.

In 1943, not only the lost power of military industrial capacity of former Soviet Union were restored but surpassed which allowed the liquidation of fashist Germany's dominance in production of the main types of weapons.

In the restructuring of scientific institutions help scientists had scientific institutions of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences and universities who were evacuated from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. To us were transferred to 22 research institutes, 16 universities, 2 libraries.

A big group of scientists, representatives or countries intelligence was evacuated to Uzbekistan. Among them- B.D. Grekov, V.V. Struve, A.Ya. Yakobovsky, E.C. Bertels and many others, writers A.H. Tolstoi, B. Lavrenev, H. Pogodin, Ya. Kolas, A. Ahmatova and others. They worked in a closed contact with the scientists of Uzbekistan.

The war years were also the time of repressions of certain individuals and ethinic groups. Joseph Stalin and his circle motivated their actions as a necessary security measure and "punishment for the betrayal" during the time of fashist occupation. In 1943-1944, many ethnic groups were forcfully transfered from their historic habitats to the Central Asian Soviet Republics. As retribution, some of those nationalities lost their cultural territories. More than 150 thousand Tatars of Cremea, 175 thousand of chechens, 157 ingush, 4,5 thousand of balkars, armenians, greeks, turks- meshitins. Local residents showed support of the deported people.

Despite the difficulties of the war time, a lot of  attention was was given to the training of the scientific personnel. In November 1943 the opening ceremony of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, which was a major event in the life of Uzbek people. At this time in the country employed 41 high school and 52 secondary specialized schools. During the war they had prepared more than 20 thousand specialists with higher and secondary special education. Большой размах в Узбекистане приняло движение за сбор средств на строительство танковых колонн и эскадрилий боевых самолетов. За 1941-1945 гг. в фонд обороны жителями республики было внесено более 650 млн. руб. деньгами и облигациями государственного займа, более чем на 22 млн. руб. ценных вещей, около 55 кг драгоценных металлов. На эти средства были построены и отправлены на фронт бронепоезда “Узбекистан”, “Красновосточник”, “Комсомол Узбекистана”, авиа эскадрилья, танковые колонны и другая техника. Большой помощью фронту были сбор и изготовление теплых вещей (ватные куртки, полушубки, перчатки и многое др.). Только за первые 6 месяцев войны на фронт было отправлено 421,5 тыс. штук теплых вещей.

The railroad system was also placed under the martial law. The war-time train schedule, which was giving the first and foremost priority to the mobility of troups and military loads, was incorporated. The [[Tashkent railroad played an especially crucial role, as one of the main magistrals that connected the Central Asian Republic with the Center of the Soviet Union (Moscow). Only in 1942-1943, more than 17.5 thousand evacuated industrial enterprises' equipment was transported. The train transport primary means of communication between the military rear and the front.

Mathematics, mechanics, and the astronomers were able to solve a number of important scientific issues related to improving the quality of aircraft, munitions, military equipment. Scientists-geologists have intensified search of minerals. In the field of chemistry - the proposals on the use of the national economy of waste cotton, new methods for producing ethanol, acetic acid and coal briquettes made of dry food processing cane, developed a method of oil dehydration and clearing it of sulfur, suggested a number of new binding materials from local raw materials and etc. Chemistry Department at the Saga (now Ulugbek URA) was established production of medicines: anesthetic ether, chloride, calcium, caffeine, streptotsida, Sulfidine etc. At its base in Tashkent was set up pharmaceutical factory. Most of the work conducted All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Cotton (SOYUZNIIHI). Important defense value acquired and sericulture.

Works by poets, writers, composers, artists of Uzbekistan that period (H. Alimjan, G. Ghulam, A. Kahhar, A. Shukurov, K. Jashen, A. Umar, M. Uyguna, I. Sultanov and others) were aimed at raising the patriotic spirit of the people, strengthen the will and faith in the victory over the enemy.