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Halorhodospira Halophila
is among the most halophilic organisms known. It is an obligately photosynthetic and anaerobic purple sulfur bacterium spiral-shaped bacteria that exhibits autotrophic growth up to saturated NaCl concentrations, Halorhodospira halophila is associated within the gamma subdivision of the phylum Proteobacteria and is known to be phototrophic and Gram-negative(Class: Gammaproteobacteria)(1). It produces organic solutes such as glycine betaine, ectoine, to balance the osmotic pressure. Its oxidizes sulfide to sulfur, which is deposited outside the cell and further oxidized to sulfate(2). Growth was demonstrated in saturated NaCl Hypersaline environments, such as the crystallizer ponds, that have a salinity of 25% or higher(3). it have flagella and size is about ~4Mb(2).

Genome structure
Halorhodospira halophila is the first genome of a phototrophic extreme halophile. the genome consists of 2,678,452 bp, encoding 2,493 predicted genes as determined by automated genome annotation. 2,407 predicted proteins, 1,905 were assigned to a putative function(1).

metabolism
Photoactive proteins such as PYP (photoactive yellow protein) are generally accepted as model systems for studying protein signal state formation. PYP is a blue-light sensor from the bacterium H. halophila.(4) H.halophila is capable of a large number of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the citrate cycle, amino acid metabolism. its ability for photoautotrophic growth under extreme conditions, and its characteristic sulfur metabolism(1). H. halophila is acidic ,its accumulated molar concentrations of KCl when grown in high salt medium as detected by x-ray microanalysis and plasma emission spectrometry (5). H.halophila causes no known diseases.

Application
Halorhodospira halophila could play a strong role in hydrogen generation as a byproduct of nitrogen fixation through nitrogenase. H. halophila also serves in the production of organic solutes such as glycine, betaine, ectoine, and trehalose(2).