User:Ghorsefield/Phonological Rule

''IT SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD THAT NONE OF THE BELOW INFORMATION IS INCLUDED IN THE PHONOLOGICAL RULE ARTICLE ITSELF. EVERYTHING INCLUDED HERE IS A NEWLY GENERATED PIECE OF INFORMATION. IN ESSENCE, THERE WERE NOT "CHANGES" MADE, ONLY ADDITIONS.''

In terms of missing content, I think the information presented beneath the heading "Derivations" could use some additional filling in.

 * I tend to agree, however striking a good balance between a simple introduction of an idea and an overly-technical example is quite thin in this case.

It might help to give an example of how we arrive at a correct and incorrect derivation - is it possible to show how this works in a real scenario?

 * I must have missed this in my first read through but a great idea! I am not sure why I left it out.

It might help if specific page numbers were included

 * Absolutely agree and have been fixed!

=== You might want to check the grammar on this sentence, though: "Given two rules, A and B, and we assume that both are equally valid rules, then their ordering will fall into one of the following categories..." perhaps replace the "and" with and "if"?) ===


 * This was a difficult sentence for me to work through when writing it. I like "if" much better this time.

Thank you for your comments and suggestions!

Rule Ordering
According to Jensen, when the application of one particular rule generates a phonological or morphological form that triggers an altogether different rule, resulting in an incorrect surface form, rule ordering is required.

Types of Rule Ordering
Given two rules, A and B, if we assume that both are equally valid rules, then their ordering will fall into one of the following categories:


 * Feeding: the application of A creates the opportunity for B to apply.
 * Bleeding: the application of A prevents B from being able to apply.
 * Counterfeeding: the application of B creates the opportunity for A
 * Counterbleeding: the application of B prevents A from being able to apply.

Derivations
When a distinct order between two rules is required, a derivation must be shown. The derivation must consist of a correct application of rule ordering that proves the phonetic representation to be possible as well as a counterexample that proves, given the opposite ordering, an incorrect phonetic representation will be generated.

Example Derivation
Below is an example of a derivation of rule ordering in Russian as presented by Jensen: Given the following rules with rule 1 applying before rule 2:


 * 1) $$l \rightarrow \emptyset / C  $$ ___# (l-Deletion)
 * 2) $$\left [ -sonorant \right ] \rightarrow \left [ -voice \right]/  $$___ # (Final Devoicing)

Correct Derivation:

 * 1) /#greb+l#/ (Underlying Representation)
 * 2) * greb (Application of l-Deletion)
 * 3) * grep (Application of Final Devoicing)
 * 4) [grep*=] (Correct Phonetic Representation)

Incorrect Derivation:

 * 1) /#greb+l#/ (Underlying Representation)
 * 2) * --  (Application of Final Devoicing)
 * 3) * greb (Application of l-Deletion)
 * 4) *[greb] (Incorrect Phonetic Representation)

Expanded Notation
On their own, phonological rules are intended to be comprehensive statements about sound changes in a language. However, languages are rarely uniform in the way they change these sounds. For a formal analysis, it is often required to implement notation conventions in addition to those previously introduced to account for the variety of changes that occur as simply as possible.


 * Subscripts: Indicate the number of occurrences of a phoneme type.
 * $$C_x$$ indicates that $$x$$ or more consonants occur, where $$x \geq 0$$.
 * $$V_x$$ indicates that $$x$$ or more vowels occur, where $$x \geq 0$$.
 * Word Boundaries: indicate the left and right boundaries that, between them contain a complete string, represented with a hashtag symbol. For example, the word "cat".
 * #cat#, the beginning and end hashtags indicate the respective beginning and end of the word "cat".
 * { } (Curly Braces): Indicate a logical-disjunction relationship of two expressions. For example,
 * The two expressions, ABD and AED and be written with curly braces as:
 * $$A\begin{Bmatrix} B \\ E \end{Bmatrix}D$$, A is followed by either B or E and then D.

\langle+high\rangle \end{bmatrix} \rightarrow \begin{bmatrix} \alpha back \\ \langle \beta round \rangle \end{bmatrix} / \begin{bmatrix} +syll \\ \alpha back \\ \beta round \end{bmatrix} C_0$$__, All vowels will take on the [+/- back] value of the vowel that precedes it, regardless of the number of intervening consonants. If a vowel is [+ high], it will also take on the [+/- round] value of the preceding vowel, regardless of the number of intervening consonants.
 * ( ) (Parenthesis): Indicate a logical-disjunction relationship of two expressions and an abbreviated version of the curly braces notation, while maintaining the same disjunctive relationship function. For example,
 * The two expressions, ABD and AD and be written with parentheses as:
 * $$A(B)D$$, B is optionally permitted to come between A and D.
 * < > (Angled Brackets): Indicate a conditional relationship within a set . For example, vowel harmony in Turkish,
 * $$\begin{bmatrix} +syll \\