User:Ghwang3/sandbox

HIV/AIDS ARTIST = Keith Haring

I want to add in the opening paragraph: Haring's work was often heavily political[3] and his simple imagery has become a widely recognized visual language that addresses inextricable issues like AIDs and drug abuse of the 20th century. I wanted to add the last part of the sentence to specify what his work and artistic style addressed.

Early Life

I want to add that he relocated to NYC in 1978 to attend School of Visual Arts (SVA). In 1980, although Haring experimented with performance, video, collage, he found a highly effective medium that allowed him to communicate with the wider audience on an artistic and political level by using the city as his canvas. He is widely known for the drawings he created with white chalk against a black unused advertisement backboard in subway stations. He would create about 50 "subway drawing" a day. I believe his subway drawings were one the most famous contributions he made as an artist and therefore needs to be included especially the significance of why he chose to do it on the blank advertisement boards.

Legacy

He opened up a path for underground cartoonist Matt Groeining's Simpsons through his credibility to street art.I want to include this because most generations (Gen Y, millennials) have grown up watching The Simpsons Series. Although it is an animated cartoon and has subtle satire, there are numerous connections to current events that youth as well as adults can learn from. I believe the show has had some sort of indirect impact on our lives today whether it was intentional or unintentional.

I also want to include something about the Keith Haring Foundation 1989 = fought tirelessly in his work and personal life to end the AIDS epidemic and generated activism - work was featured in more than 100 solo and group exhibitions - 1982 to 2989 to produce more than 50 public artworks in dozens of cities created for charities, hospitals, children day care centers, orphanages. I believe the Kieth Haring Foundation has played a very significant role in the HIV/AIDS movement as well as supporting other non-profit organization. I really appreciate that the foundation supports organizations that provide educational opportunities to underprivileged children and the support of organizations which engage in education, prevention and care with respect to AIDS and HIV infection

Exhibitions

I want to clarify: 1 source. Also in 1978, Haring's first solo exhibition at Pittsburgh Arts and Crafts center. 2 source. First solo exhibition in NY then soho gallery debut with immensely poplar highly one-man exhibition at Tony Zhafrazi gallery.) I believe it is important to get the facts correct and recheck with several sources so that we can share an unbiased, factual information about the artist.

The references I am using for this assignment are:

http://www.theartstory.org/artist-haring-keith.htm

https://deyoung.famsf.org/haring/about/biography

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PLAGUE ARTICLE = Joseph James Kinyoun

I will make minor changes to details such as his nickname, his family members, his early life, and his career as the director of the Hygienic Lab. Background (1860-1919) Early Years Marine-Hospital Service Hygienic Laboratory 1887
 * Joseph James Kinyoun
 * Family moved briefly to Texas and to the Western frontier, settling in Post Oak Township, Missouri in 1866 after his house burned down during the Civil War
 * He got additional training under a "preceptor" and by age 14, was studying algebra, geometry, and the Greek and Roman Classics. He was also speaking French, German, and Spanish
 * He passed up college to study medicine with his GP father at 16-years-old
 * He took a lecture course at St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons (1880-1881), then moved on to Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York (1881-1882)
 * Received MD degree in 1882
 * Practiced medicine for a few months in NYC while taking postgraduate courses in analytical chemistry, toxicology, surgery, and gynecology
 * He became depressed after the loss of his first patient - a little girl who died of (probably) diphtheria
 * Instead of quitting medicine, he taught at Centre View Academy school with his father.
 * Saw medical visits for minor complains ($1 a visit, $10 for delivery)
 * Married Susan Elizabeth Perry (1860-1948), had 5 children together
 * He obtained a microscope and started studying agricultural diseases as anthrax, chicken cholera, and "swine plague", and later human erysipelas and osteomyeltitis
 * Returned to NY as the Carnegie Laboratory's first bacteriology student, specifically to study cholera, the cause of which had just been discovered by Koch
 * MHS Surgeon General John B Hamilton's right hand man was MHS Surgeon Preston Heath Bailhasche, Joe Kinyoun's uncle. Kinyoun stressed his unique bacteriology experience and submitted supporting letters in his MHS application
 * Was placed on the waiting list and took an opening a few months later
 * Entered MHS on October 4, 1886 at Staten Island quarantine station, the most likely port of entry for exportable European infectious diseases
 * ***PICTURE*** Joined MHS in 1886 as an Assistant Surgeon to the Staten Island, New York, quarantine station
 * Received the code name of Abutment
 * Hamilton quickly set up the nation's first federal bacteriology laboratory in a museum room and placed the 26-year-old newcomer in charge of it
 * Kinyoun opened August 27th, 1887 - start of NIH
 * Began as a diagnostic lab supporting MHS quarantine activities again cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, and plague
 * ***PICTURE*** Presumably between 1887-1891, the original Hygienic Laboratory on the first floor of the main building of the rented Marine Hospital, Stapleton, Staten Island, New York
 * Kinyoun's 3 year old daughter Bettie contracted and died of diphtheria, was never able to fully recover so he poured himself into work
 * He moved beyond pure bacteriologic support of quarantine measures, extending his research to other infectious diseases of public health importance.
 * When Koch announced in 1890 that there was a cure for TV, Kinyoun went to Berlin as a visiting scientist and became among the first to conclude based on lab and hospital investigations under Koch's direct supervision that tuberculin was not the hoped cure for tuberculosis.
 * He helped better evaluate treatment efficacy with modification of clinical study methods to introduce standardized examinations of patients
 * He articulated an early concept of two different components of immunity: innate and acquired immunity
 * Hygienic Lab moved to Washington, DC in 1891- he brought reagents, techniques, protocols, and ideas back which made the lab into a modern European style lab strongly oriented towards research with applied public health and clinic applications.
 * 1887 - cholera diagnosis and growth properties in sea water
 * 1888 - microbial disinfection with steam/pressure and later sulfer and formaldehyde
 * 1889 - yellow fever etiology, pandemic influenza, malaria, and lack of efficacy of cobra venom as cholera treatment
 * 1891- proved lack of efficacy of tuberculin treatment, produced rabies vaccine, prepared first pneumococcal vaccine and first pneumococcal immune serum
 * 1893 - helped prepare new federal quarantine regulation
 * 1894 - first american to study newly discovered plague bacillus, studied new diphtheria antitoxin, prepared and test of smallpox immune serum in humans
 * 1895 - warned about plague importation to US, worked on typhoid fever
 * 1896 - studies to distinguished variola from vaccinia, researched malaria, worked on streptococcal vaccine
 * ***PICTURE*** - Hygienic Lab in DC taken in 1899
 * Director of Hygienic Lab (1887-1896)
 * He invented numerous industrial disinfection machines and experimented with temperature and pressure variables in them
 * He set up a public diphtheria laboratory at Georgetown Medical School at great personal expense
 * In 1897 summary of Hygienic LAb first decade, he boldly proposed that instead of merely trying to study and control infectious diseases during epidemics, the federal government should create a lab-supported national and international research enterprise --> NIH
 * 1930 - The name changed to National Institute of Health

But I will mostly add to the San Francisco Quarantine Station and his role during the epidemic

San Francisco Quarantine Station
 * On April 27th, 1899, Wyman transferred Kinyoun to run the 32-building complex of the SF quarantine station
 * Kinyoun had predicted plague’s eventual arrival in the United States as early as 1895, and had begun a plague research program in 1896, which he pursued even more energetically after receiving a strain obtained from China via the U.S. Navy in 1897
 * Events unfolded in SF from 1899 to 1901 - plague ship bound from Honolulu; no plague found on board; started to quarantine all arriving vessel form the four current plague ports - Honolulu, Sydney, Hong Kong, and Kobe, Japan
 * March 6th 1900, plague case confirmed by Kinyoun as the first ever on US soil = Kinyoun advised California to concentrate control efforts on killing rats rather than emphasizing quarantine and isolation

Politics of the San Francisco Plague - By 1884, the Marine Hospital Service (MHS), under John Hamilton, emerged as the primary federal agency responsible for national public health policy. - MHS set up a station on Angel Island in SF bay to serve west coast's largest port. Local political and commercial transportation interests were split over the inspection issue. - Wyman sent Kinyoun, director of MHS's hygienic lab and service's senior bacteriologist, to take over the quarantine inspection station in SF - The morning of Wong Chut King's death, Kellogg brought his slides and tissue samples to the quarantine station's library where Kinyoun confirmed the tentative diagnosis and injected infectious material into guinea pigs, white rat, and a small monkey. AFter 48 hours, animals seem to be fine so he backtracked and stated that his diagnosis was no longer certain - Chinatown property was owned by local white population while Chinese population was abused. All previous outbreaks had been blamed o the Chinese and the fact that plague had been discovered in Chinatown reinforced the anti-Chinese sentiment. Since they couldn't no determine the cause of the plague, the outbreak was known as an Asian disease. - Business interests (Southern Pacific Railroad Company, California Governor Henry Gage and SF major newspapers) denial. The chief target of the campaign was Kinyoun, federal quarantine officer. The State's two major medical journals: one support Kinyoun and argue for public health battle against outbreak (Sacramento Bee) and other supported business interests and political gain (Chronicle, Call and Bulletin). - Kinyoun placed quarantines in Chinatown which prevented all Asians from crossing state border without certificate of health inspection. The social and economic conflict and discrimination that quarantines provoked over the years, Chinese inhabitants who were terrified by the military barricades and threats of compulsory vaccination, fought in the courtroom for discrimination. Governor Gage helped Chinese community bring law suites against Kinyoun for violating their civil rights of due process and equal protection. In 1901, the governor accues Kinyoun of injecting live plague into Chinese corpses in order to create a plague scare. The governor made an agreement that California would help fight the plague and stop attacking Kinyoun if the federal government blocked any further mention of the outbreak and remove Kinyoun. - Although had to aborpt his quarantin in the early summer of 1900 and was ridiculed as a "plauge faker", Kinyoun continued to send telegrams to health officers of neighboring states to urge precautionary action because of the epidemic - Kinyoun was removed and relocated to Seattle.
 * I want to add more about his presence and influence during the Bubonic Plague in SF. During the epidemic, there were inherent conflict between business interests (wishing to suppress news of the epidemic in order to protect trade) and health officials (who require transparent public action in order to control the disease).

Joseph J. Kinyoun, the first director of the Hygienic Laboratory was inexplicably transferred to the quarantine station on Angel Island in San Francisco Bay in 1900. The bacteriologist who had been trained in the laboratories of Pasteur and Koch, confirmed the diagnosis and identified several additional cases of the plague among Chinatown residents. Residents of Chinatown, threatened by a quarantine, hid their plague-sickened and dead compatriots while political officials such as governor Gage and medial denied the existence of plague in San Francisco. They accused Kinyoun for fabricating the existence of the disease. when a quarantine of Chinatown was imposed, a resident brought a suit in federal court alleging that there was no plague in Chinatown, and therefore, the quarantine was illegal. The judge ruled in favor of the claimant because the quarantine violated the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection.

The sources I am using for this article are:

"NIH in History". NIH Intramural Research Program. 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2017-10-20.

Morens, David M.; Fauci, Anthony S. (2012-08-31). "The Forgotten Forefather: Joseph James Kinyoun and the Founding of the National Institutes of Health". mBio. 3 (4): e00139–12.

"Dr. Joseph Kinyoun The Indispensable Forgotten Man | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases". www.niaid.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-20.