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Mobileye is an Israeli subsidiary of Intel that develops self-driving cars and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). Mobileye headquarters and main Research & Development centre is located in Jerusalem operating under the company name Mobileye Vision Technology Ltd.

Mobileye is a major tech company which develops autonomous driving technologies and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) including cameras, computer chips and software. Mobileye was acquired by Intel in 2017. Mobileye is based in Jerusalem, Israel and also has sales and marketing offices in Midtown, Manhattan, US; Shanghai, China; Tokyo, Japan and Düsseldorf, Germany.

In March 2017, Intel announced that they had agreed to a US$15.3 billion takeover of Mobileye. This is the largest acquisition of an Israeli company to date.



History
Mobileye N.V. was founded in 1999 by Hebrew University professor Amnon Shashua (a researcher of the Hebrew University), when he evolved his academic research into a technical solution for a vision system which could detect vehicles using only a camera and software algorithms on a processor. The goal of Mobileye since its foundation is to reduce vehicle injuries and fatalities.

Since its establishment, it has grown into a major supplier of automotive safety technologies based on adding “intelligence” to inexpensive cameras for commercialization.

Mobileye established its first research center in 2004, and launched the first generation EyeQ1 processor four years later, in 2008. The technology offered driver assistance including AEB (automatic emergency braking). One of the first vehicles to use this technology was the fifth-generation BMW 7 Series. Subsequent versions of the chip were released in 2010, 2014 and 2018.

In 2013, Mobileye announced the sale of a 25% stake to Blue-chip investors for $400, valuing the company at approximately $1.5 billion.

Mobileye went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2014. It raised $890 million, and became the largest Israeli IPO in U.S. history. By the end of the year, Mobileye’s technology was implemented in 160 car models made by 18 different OEMs.

In 2017, Mobileye unveiled a mathematical model for safe self-driving cars based on a research paper by CEO Amnon Shashua and VP of Technology Shai Shalev-Shwartz. The paper outlines a system called Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) which redefines fault and caution and could potentially be used to inform insurance policies and driving laws. Shai Shalev-Shwartz was promoted to CTO in 2019.

In March 2017, Intel announced that it would be acquiring Mobileye for $15.3 billion — the biggest-ever acquisition of an Israeli tech company.

In October 2018, Mobileye and Volkswagen, released plans to commercialize Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) in Israel. Mobileye began “robotaxi” trials with NIO electric vehicles in Israel in May 2020 due to a delay in the arrival of Volkswagen minivans,14 and unveiled its new production-ready robotaxi in 2021 at the IAA Mobility show in Munich.

Mobileye demonstrated an autonomous car equipped only with cameras on the streets of Jerusalem in January 2020, later testing the cars in Munich and New York City.

In December 2021, Intel announced its plan to take Mobileye automotive unit via an IPO of newly issued stock in 2022, maintaining its majority ownership of the company.

At first, the company developed algorithms, and a custom accelerator processor chip called the EyeQ chip. All of Mobileye's proprietary image processing algorithms run on the EyeQ chip. The company's first clients were automotive manufacturers such as BMW, General Motors and Volvo. These companies electronics suppliers integrated Mobileye's technologies into the companies' cars, at first as an optional accessory when buying a new car, and later as a standard option in new cars.

In August 2015, Tesla Motors announced that it is using Mobileye's technology to enable its self-drive solution, which would be incorporated into Model S cars from August 2015. After the first deadly crash of a self-driving Model S with active Autopilot became public in June 2016, Mobileye issued a statement that its technology won't be able to recognize a crossing trailer (which was the cause of the accident) until 2018. In July 2016, Mobileye announced the end of its partnership with Tesla after the EyeQ3.

In January 2017, Mobileye, BMW and Intel announced that they were developing a test fleet of autonomous vehicles that would be on the road in the second half of 2017. The companies plan to develop autonomous vehicles for the consumer market by 2021. In March 2017, Intel announced their intention to buy Mobileye for $15.3 billion. The deal was completed August 8, with Rothschild & Co and Citigroup as financial advisors to Intel and Raymond James advising Mobileye.

On 29 October 2018, Intel, Mobileye's parent company, released plans to commercialize Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) in Israel. In the press briefing, Volkswagen Group was announced as the automobile supplier, with Mobileye implementing self-driving capabilities and Israeli car distributor Champion Motors providing fleet support and operations.

Company timeline

 * 1999: Mobileye NV co-founded by Ziv Aviram and Amnon Shashua
 * 1999 (June): Introduction of the first generation Live Demonstration System
 * 1999: Mobileye received a license from Yissum to be able to use the technology.
 * 2000: Introduction of the second generation Live Demonstration System
 * 2001 (February): Introduction of the third generation Live Demonstration System
 * 2001 (May): Introduction of the fourth generation Live Demonstration System
 * 2002: Introduction of the fifth generation Live Demonstration System for Multi-Vision Applications
 * 2003: Mobileye signed cooperation agreements with Denso and Delphi.
 * 2004: Introduction of the first generation EyeQ System-on-a-Chip (SoC)
 * 2004: Mobileye and SVDO/Continental sign a development agreement
 * 2005: Mobileye and ST Microelectronics sign a chip manufacture and development partnership agreement
 * 2006: Introduction of the sixth generation Live Demonstration System for Pedestrian Detection
 * 2006: Introduction of Mobileye's Aftermarket Department
 * 2006 (July): Mobileye and Magna Electronics announce partnership to develop advanced automotive driver assistance features
 * 2007: U.S. investment bank Goldman Sachs invests $100 million in Mobileye
 * 2007: Mobileye launches multiple series productions for LDW on GM Cadillac STS and DTS vehicles, for LDW on BMW 5 and 6 Series vehicles and for radar-vision fusion for enhanced Adaptive Cruise Control with Collision Mitigation by Braking on Volvo S80, XC90/70/60 and V70 vehicles
 * 2007: Introduction of the Mobileye Advanced Warning System providing a world's first Aftermarket system featuring functions of lane and vehicle Detection running on a single processor
 * 2008 (September): Mobileye and Continental launch a world's first combination of multiple functions of Lane Departure Warning, Intelligent Highbeam Control and Traffic Sign Recognition on the BMW 7 series
 * 2008: Introduction of the second generation EyeQ2 System-on-a-Chip (SoC)
 * 2009: Mobileye and Visteon sign cooperation agreement
 * 2010: Co-Founders Ziv Aviram and Amnon Shashua launch the company OrCam
 * 2010: U.S. investment bank Goldman Sachs, Leumi Partners and Menora Mivtachim Holdings Ltd. invest $37 million in Mobileye
 * 2010: Mobileye launches newest aftermarket product, the C2-270 Collision Prevention System, with vehicle, pedestrian, bicycle, and motorcycle detection capabilities.
 * 2010: Mobileye launches a world-first vision based Pedestrian Forward Collision Warning as part of a radar-vision 'automatic emergency braking system' with Delphi and Volvo on the S60 saloon and V60 estate
 * 2010: Mobileye launches Lane Keeping and Support (LKAS) on two HKMC vehicles (Hyundai i40 and Kia Optima) for US and European introduction.
 * 2011: Mobileye launches the world's first vision only based forward collision warning system (bundled with multiple other functions of LDW IHC and TSR) on the 2011 BMW 1 series
 * 2011: Mobileye launches the world's first vision only based U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) compliant Forward Collision Warning system and lane departure warning system combination on multiple GM vehicles – Chevrolet Equinox and GMC Terrain.
 * 2011: Mobileye launches multi functional bundles including vision based FCW on the Opel Zafira and Opel Insignia.
 * 2014: Mobileye launched its IPO on the NYSE which was the biggest Israeli IPO ever in the US raising approx. $1B at a market cap of $5.3B
 * 2017: Acquired by Intel for $15.3B
 * 2020: Mobileye demonstrates supervised autonomous car using only cameras
 * 2021: Mobileye announced that they are the first to test autonomous cars in New York City and shared an un-edited demo video of their car navigating through NYC's streets using only cameras
 * 2021: Intel announced it would retain majority control but offer shares in Mobileye for public trading

Partnerships
Mobileye has formed a number of partnerships with automakers since its inception. Mobileye launched multiple series productions for LDW on GM Cadillac STS and DTS vehicles, and on BMW 5 and 6 Series vehicles. In 2016, Mobileye and Delphi formed a partnership to develop a near-complete autonomous driving system by 2019. In early 2017, Mobileye announced a partnership with BMW to integrate Mobileye technology into vehicles going to market in 2018. In 2018, Mobileye announced partnerships with BMW, Nissan and Volkswagen. In 2019, Mobileye and NIO announced that they would partner on the development of AVs for consumer markets in China and other major territories. In July 2020, Mobileye and Ford announced a deal in which Mobileye would supply its EyeQ camera-based gear and software across Ford’s global product line. Also in 2020, Mobileye announced a partnership with WILLER29 to launch a robotaxi service in Japan, Taiwan and Southeast Asia and with Geely for ADAS. The same year, Intel announced that it had acquired Moovit, a mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) solutions company, to enhance Mobileye’s MaaS offering.

In February 2021, Mobileye, Transdev Autonomous Transport System (ATS) and Lohr Group formed a partnership to develop and deploy autonomous shuttles, and in April Mobileye announced a partnership with Udelv on the company’s next-generation electric self-driving delivery vehicle, called “Transporter,” with the goal to begin commercial operations in 2023. In May 2021, Toyota Motor Corp. selected Mobileye and German supplier ZF to develop and supply ADAS for a number of vehicle platforms. Mobileye also began a partnership with Mahindra in 2021.

Tesla
In August 2015, Tesla Motors announced that it is using Mobileye's technology to enable its self-drive solution, which would be incorporated into Model S cars from August 2015. Tesla reportedly did not share its plans with Mobileye, and after the first deadly crash of a self-driving Model S with active Autopilot became public in June 2016, Mobileye announced the end of their partnership. The two companies expressed disagreement over what caused the accident, with Mobileye CEO Amnon Shashua claiming that Tesla “was pushing the envelope in terms of safety” and that Autopilot is a “driver assistance system” and not a “driverless system”. Mobileye also issued a statement that its systems were not designed to recognize a “lateral turn across path” and would not have those capabilities until 2018.

EyeQ
The EyeQ system-on-chip (SoC) utilizes a single camera sensor to provide passive/active ADAS and features including automatic emergency braking (AEB), adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane keeping assist(LKA), traffic jam assist (TJA) and forward collision warning (FCW). Mobileye’s fifth-generation EyeQ is able to support fully-autonomous (Level 5) vehicles. More than 27 automobile manufacturers utilize EyeQ for their assisted-driving technologies.

Road Experience Management (REM)
Mobileye’s Road Experience Management, or REM, uses real-time data from Mobileye-equipped vehicles to build out a global 3D map. The data collected is compressed text that collects about 10 kilobytes per kilometer and compiled in the cloud in a map called Mobileye RoadBook which leverages anonymized, crowdsourced data from vehicle cameras for autonomous navigation and localization. According to Mobileye, REM had mapped more than 7.5 billion kilometers of roads by January 2021.

Responsibility-Sensitive Safety Model (RSS)
RSS, or the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety Model, is a mathematical model first proposed by Mobileye in 2017 for AV safety. RSS is a formal model for AV decision-making that digitizes the implicit rules of safe driving for AVs to prevent self-driving vehicles from causing accidents. RSS is defined in software.

True Redundancy
The True Redundancy solution is an integrated system that utilizes data streams from 360-surround view cameras, lidar, and radar for level 4 autonomous driving. This approach first “doubles down” on the computer-vision subsystem before adding a lidar/radar subsystem for redundancy.

Mobileye Supervision
SuperVision is a full-stack ADAS solution powered by two EyeQ5 SoC devices processing data from 11 cameras. The system uses cameras only and is designed for Level 2+ cars, and allows for hands-free driving and self-parking capabilities. Geely’s Zeekr electric vehicle is equipped with the Mobileye SuperVision ADAS and began road trials in 2021.

Mobileye Drive
Mobileye Drive is a Level 4 self-driving system. The full sensor suite includes 13 cameras, 3 long-range LiDARs, 6 short-range LiDARs and 6 radars, and is powered by Mobileye’s EyeQ SoC. Mobileye Drive was first fitted to vehicles used for driverless, ride-hailing services in 2021, with plans for public testing in Germany and Israel in 2022.

Aftermarket
Since 2007 the firm has offered a range of aftermarket vision based ADAS systems, based on the same core technology as for production models. They currently offer lane departure warning, forward collision warning, headway monitoring and warning, intelligent headlamp control and speed limit indication (tsr). Mobileye’s aftermarket vision-based ADAS systems are based on the same core technology as for production models. These systems offer lane departure warning, forward collision warning, headway monitoring and warning, intelligent headlamp control and speed limit indication (tsr). These systems have also been integrated with fleet management systems.

Technology
The firm's technology is based on the use of optical vision systems with motion detection algorithms running on a custom hardware accelerator – the EyeQ chip. This is unlike many other competing systems which use a combination of visual detection, radar, and laser scanning. The firm's vehicle detection algorithms recognize motorised vehicles such as cars, motorcycles and trucks, in day and night time conditions. The firm's version performs its vehicle detection based functions using a single camera mounted in the rear view mirror, unlike the usual approach of using radars, laser scanners or in some cases stereo-cameras.

In 2011, the firm introduced the world's first OEM production of vision-only forward collision warning system (NHTSA compliant) on multiple BMW, GM and Opel vehicles.

The firm’s version of lane departure warning systems was launched in multiple production platforms through 2007 and 2008 with GM, BMW and Volvo.

The firm's pedestrian detection technology is based on the use of mono cameras only, using pattern recognition and classifiers with image processing and optic flow analysis. The firm announced in 2008 that by mid-2010 they would launch a world's first application of full emergency braking for collision mitigation for pedestrians. Mobileye announced in May 2009 as part of the next generation Volvo radar-vision fusion system which also provides lane departure warning and vehicle detection with radar-vision fusion for an enhanced collision mitigation by braking system on the next Volvo S60 vehicle.

Since 2008, BMW 7-Series cars have been equipped with the Mobileye traffic sign recognition systems, developed in cooperation with automotive supplier Continental AG.

Adaptive highbeam systems automatically raise and lower the high beams without inconveniencing oncoming or preceding traffic. The firm's version, Intelligent Headlight Control, is in production on the BMW 7 series.

In 2011, the firm introduced multi-functional bundles including vision based FCW on the Opel Zafira and Opel Insignia.

In 2016, Mobileye announced a deal to work with Renault Nissan on digital maps that will help the automaker's move towards driverless cars.

In September 2020, Mobileye signed a long-term agreement with Geely for advanced driver-assistance systems. The deal ensures that more Geely Auto vehicles will be equipped with Mobile's computer vision technology such as the Mobileye SuperVision™ surround-view advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) which will be used in the company's new premium electric vehicle called Zero Concept.

Investments
Between 2007 and 2011, the company raised $160 million. In 2013, the company sold 25% of its private shares for $400 million to a group of blue-chip investors. One of Mobileye's biggest investors was Colmobil CEO Shmuel Harlap, who held a 7.2% stake. Following the Intel acquisition, he joined co-founders Amnon Shashua and Ziv Aviram in the ranks of Israeli billionaires.

Controversy
In late March 2017, Reuters reported that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission had charged two Israelis with engaging in insider trading, prior to the announcement of the acquisition of Mobileye by Intel. According to the report, Ariel Darvasi was accused of making a profit of over $400,000, and Amir Waldman was accused of profiting more than $4 million. The case was filed in federal court in New York City (the "New York Court"). Neither Intel nor Mobileye were accused by the SEC of violating the law. Within days the SEC obtained an emergency court order, freezing certain assets of Virginia residents Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr. and Roger E. Shaoul who allegedly used insider information to make approximately $1 million on Intel’s purchase of Mobileye.

In July 2017, Darvasi announced that he was fighting pancreatic cancer and had settled the charges with the SEC.

In September 2017, the Israeli newspaper Haaretz speculated that the addition of Cluff and Shaoul as defendants raised the "possibility" that Mobileye founders Amnon Shashua and Ziv Aviram may be eventually named as well. That did not happen.

In November 2017, the SEC filed a motion with a New York court for assistance from Israel in taking evidence from four Israeli witnesses concerning the allegations of insider trading. The request was eventually increased to five Israeli witnesses.

In early December 2017, the Israeli news outlet The Marker reported that Waldman flew to Canada to provide information to the SEC to try to convince it to drop the case. The report in The Marker also stated that it is expected that the questioning of the Israeli witnesses would be done by the Israeli Securities Authority. That did not happen. The SEC asked the New York court to request of the Israeli court to appoint American-Israeli lawyer Eric Sherby to take evidence from the Israeli witnesses.

In order to keep the asset order in place, in December 2017, the SEC filed (among other things) an expert affidavit of Joseph Mason. Mason testified that he reviewed the trading records of Waldman and concluded from those records that Waldman was targeting "something that is nonpublic that he expects to occur before March 17," 2017; the offer by Intel was announced on March 13. Mason also analyzed the trading records of defendant Lawrence Cluff. According to Mason, "the purchase of Mobileye options in the Cluff accounts shared similar unusual and risk characteristics as those purchased by Waldman." On behalf of Waldman, an expert affidavit was submitted by Garrick Tsui. Tsui conceded that Waldman's February and March 2017 Mobileye option purchases "were significantly greater than at any time in the past."

In papers filed by the SEC in May 2018, the SEC informed the New York Court that two out of the five Israeli witnesses had testified in Israel pursuant to the Supplemental Request, and the SEC asserted that it had obtained from the first two Israeli witnesses "valuable evidence" relating to the insider trading allegations. On the other hand, counsel for Waldman asserted in court papers filed a few weeks later that the two Israeli witnesses had provided "exculpatory" testimony regarding the insider trading allegations.

In November 2019, the Israeli press reported a settlement involving two defendants, but the amount of the settlement was not reported. The press report again speculated that Mobileye's founders "could potentially be facing lawsuits of their own." Again, that did not happen.

The SEC issued a press release in April 2020, announcing that it obtained a final judgement against the "last" defendant in the Mobileye insider trading case. Waldman was ordered to pay disgorgement in the amount of $1,078,300, prejudgment interest in the amount of $40,889, and a civil penalty in the amount of $1,078,300.

Awards and recognition
December 2008 Electronic Design listed the EyeQ2 vision processor as its "Best Electronic Design" in the automotive design category.

In July 2009, road safety charity Brake gave the Mobileye C2-170 safety system its "Fleet Safety Forum Award for Excellence in the UK" award in the Fleet Safety Product category.

SuperVision
SuperVision is a camera-only system designed for Level 2+ cars to power the next generation of hands-free ADAS technologies. SuperVision is based on Mobileye's L4 camera subsystem. It integrates 360 surround camera coverage, the Mobileye Roadbook™, navigation technologies, Mobileye's driving policy and end-to-end implementation, and over-the-air updates. Its the first time “Mobileye will be responsible for the full solution stack, including hardware and software, driving policy and control.” A complete vertical integration with Mobileye's end-to-end stacks.