User:Gizem Sude Sönmez/The National Literature

The National Literature Period is a literary movement operating between the 2nd Constitutional Monarchy and the first years of the Republic. It is usually started with the New Language Movement advocated by Ömer Seyfettin, Ali Canip Yöntem and Ziya Gökalp in Young Pens Magazine.Simplification in language, syllabic meter instead of prosody in poetry, problems of the people in content and local life form the basis of the National Literature Period.In this period, Turkish literature was tried to be saved from Eastern and Western imitation, and a simple narrative was adopted.In addition, Turkish culture and history has been accepted as an unexamined treasure.

Although it is the most mentioned movement in 20th century Turkish literature, since there is no certain establishment time and declaration, and it is not easy to think of its members as a single group, discussions about what national literature is started at that time and continued in the years after the Republic.For this reason, there are some differences in listing the National Literature Period, its personalities and works.The definition of the concept of national literature has also changed more or less in the development process of this movement.It has also been seen that national literature and nationalist literature are often confused with the influence of the Turkism ideology of the same years.

Formation
With the Tanzimat Period, the Eastern influence in Turkish literature began to decline, and the existing forms and techniques began to be replaced by elements of Western literature.Turkish literary figures had been greatly influenced by the West, especially French literature.However, in this period, as in the National Literature Period, there was no nationalization and return to the essence in literature.Although there were some attempts such as dealing with social issues and using syllabic meter in the Tanzimat Period, these efforts became serious and succeeded, but as a result of a series of political events, with ideologies such as Ottomanism, Turkism, and Nationalism, the tendency to the public in the choice of subject and the understanding of art for the society ultimately resulted in a simplification in the language, that is, nationalism. It was with the beginning of the literary movement.

In the history of Turkish culture, the expression of national literature was used for the first time by Ali Canip Yöntem in the journal Young Pens with the title of "Âtî-i Edebîmiz".The magazine became the pioneer of the national literary movement; it started the New Language Movement by supporting that in order to create a national literature, the language should be simplified.The most permanent breakthrough in the simplification of Turkish has been achieved by the New Linguists.Under the leadership of Ömer Seyfettin and Ziya Gökalp, the Young Pens and the New Language Movement put forward the view that "a national literature can be created with a national language" and worked for the simplification of Turkish.

Features of the period

 * The idea of simplification in language has been adopted and applied in the given works.
 * It has been argued that the written language should be based on Istanbul Turkish.
 * Efforts were made to keep Turkish away from the influence of foreign languages.
 * The use of Arabic and Persian phrases, which have equivalents in Turkish, was rejected.
 * It has been argued that the real poetry of the Turks is folk poetry, and the national measure is the syllabic measure.
 * Verbal and artistic expressions are avoided.
 * In the works, mostly local and national issues were mentioned.
 * In this period, writers turned to Anatolia for the first time; they talked about the realities of the country.
 * The authors benefited from folk literature.

Poetry in the period of national literature
The poetry of this period is simpler than the poetry of Servet-i Fünûn. The authors tried to be quite simple and talk about national issues. Most of the Beş Hececiler tended to write poems that evoked national feelings. The works were directed towards Anatolia. The success achieved in poetry in the short term continued in the Republican period as well.

The novel in the period of national literature
Some novelists of this period went out of Istanbul for the first time in terms of subject. In addition, as in the poetry of this period, the theme of nationalism was frequently handled in the understanding of the novel. The effects of realism and naturalism movements are seen in the novels of this period.

Halide Edip Adıvar, one of the novelists of the period, participated in the national struggle and talked about the heroism and resistance shown in the wars in her works. The author's novels The Shirt of Flame and Vurun Kahpeye bear traces of the national struggle.

Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu approached the realities of the country with a critical style in his works, and talked about the periods of the War of Independence in his novel Yaban (Wild).

Ömer Seyfettin criticized the fake intellectuals of the period in his novel Mr. Efruz.

Important artists of the period

 * Ömer Seyfettin
 * Ziya Gökalp
 * Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
 * Ali Canip Yöntem
 * Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
 * Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu
 * Halide Edip Adıvar
 * Reşat Nuri Güntekin
 * Refik Halit Karay
 * Mehmet Akif Ersoy
 * Yahya Kemal Beyatlı
 * Halide Nusret Zorlutuna