User:Gjkiprotich/sandbox

Personal health depends fully on the active, passive, and assisted cues that people observe and adopt about their own health. These include personal actions for preventing or minimizing the effects of a disease, usually a chronic condition, through integrative care. They also include personal hygiene practices to prevent infection and illness, such as bathing, washing hands with soap, brushing, flossing teeth, storing, preparing, handling food safely, and many others. The information gleaned from personal observations of daily living – such as sleep patterns, exercise behavior, nutritional intake and environmental features – may be used to inform personal decisions and actions (e.g., "I feel tired in the morning, so I am going to try sleeping on a different pillow"), as well as clinical decisions and treatment plans (e.g., a patient who notices his or her shoes are tighter than usual may be having exacerbation of left-sided heart failure, and may require diuretic medication to reduce fluid overload).

Personal health also depends on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong social relationships, volunteering, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and also increased longevity. One American study among seniors over age 70, found out that frequent volunteering was associated with reduced risk of dying compared to older persons who did not volunteer, regardless of physical health status. Another study from Singapore reported that volunteering retirees had significantly better cognitive performance scores, fewer depressive symptoms, and better mental health and life satisfaction than non-volunteering retirees.

Prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease. Stress management is the application of methods to either reduce or increase tolerance to stress. Relaxation techniques are physical methods used to relieve stress. Psychological methods include; cognitive therapy, meditation, and positive thinking, which work by reducing response to stress. Improving relevant skills such as problem solving and time management skills, reduces uncertainty and builds confidence, which also reduces the reaction to stress-causing situations where those skills are applicable. Copied from [Health]

Citations

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2008). Health in Everyday Living.

Harris AH, Thoresen CE (2005). "Volunteering is Associated with Delayed Mortality in Older People: Analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Aging" (PDF). Journal of Health Psychology. 10 (6): 739–52. doi:10.1177/1359105305057310. PMID 16176953. S2CID 23314208. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.

Schwingel A, Niti MM, Tang C, Ng TP (2009). "Continued work employment and volunteerism and mental well-being of older adults: Singapore longitudinal ageing studies". Age and Ageing. 38 (5): 531–37. doi:10.1093/ageing/afp089. PMID 19474036.