User:Glenn1113/Sex differences in education

Improvement of sex discrimination in education
Improvements in removing sex discrimination from education have had great advancements in the last many years all over the world, but discrimination does still happen. Sexist values instilled into children's minds insist that boys do well at sports, be physically strong, and be competitive and that girls should prepare to cater to their husbands while doing things such as cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children. These values also cause bullying in young children to individuals who do not follow the social norms of how girls and boys should act and what interests they should have. On a global scale, many developing countries force females to leave school earlier than men and do not give them the same opportunities.

China
China's gender inequality within their education system dates back centuries, but despite some improvement over time has a long way to go. Huge economic and societal development since the 1980s has become a major factor in improving gender equality in not only their education systems but China as a whole. Since the government has more money to invest in the education system, more schools were built, and more women gained the opportunity to attend school. Despite this, there is still a huge barrier between discrimination in rural versus urban areas. In rural areas, women have consistently been twice as likely to be illiterate when compared to men. On top of this, China's one-child policy, although no longer in effect, made a lasting impact on the discrimination against women by their families as most families hoped to have a son. This so-called "son preference” has prevailed among most Chinese parents for centuries and continues to make women less important.

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United States
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 states that no person should be excluded, denied benefits, or discriminated against based on sex in schools and federally funded activities in the United States. This covers a wide variety of places such as, but not limited to schools, local and state agencies, charters, for-profits, libraries, museums, and vocational rehabilitation agencies in all 50 states as well as territories of the United States. Despite being initially geared towards protecting women, Title IX covers the discrimination of all people based on sex, including LGBTQI+ students. Prior to Title IX being passed many women were denied access to education or participation in extracurricular activities such as sports or male dominant clubs. The Office of Credit Ratings, or the OCR for short, ensures federally funded or assisted organizations follow Title IX by evaluating, investigating, and collecting allegations of sex discrimination. Although Title IX was a great step in the right direction in battling sex discrimination in education in the United States, many people are still discriminated against today.

Sub-Saharan Africa
In most Sub-Saharan countries gender gaps increased during the colonial era and after gaining independence most began to decline. Africa had a small initial educational gender gap, but little progress has been made to close it. Sub-Saharan Africa holds twelve out of 17 countries in the world that have not yet reached equality in education. Gender gaps are smaller in southern Africa because there are more accessible areas near railroads or on the coast, but the biggest problem for these countries is the way schools are preparing their students. Colleges in Africa have not diversified their systems of education or expanded the level of skills taught in order to prepare them for the demands of labor. Another large problem facing African women is the vast amount of arranged marriages at a young age. As a direct result of this many young women are forced to drop out of school to care for the needs of their husbands and children. In order to correct many of these issues, governments must address the need for better education and appropriate skills training to help battle the rising unemployment rate.

China
2. Above Ground: China's Young Feminist Activists and Forty Moments of Transformation | Gender Discrimination in Education and Employment · Online Exhibits (umich.edu)

United States
3. Gender discrimination in the United States: Experiences of women - SteelFisher - 2019 - Health Services Research - Wiley Online Library

Title IX Education Amendments | HHS.gov

Title IX and Sex Discrimination (ed.gov)

Sub-Saharan Africa
4. Educational gender inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: a cohort perspective - N-IUSSP (niussp.org)

Africa grapples with huge disparities in education | Africa Renewal (un.org)