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Kayla Ramsden								        Week 11 Ch 15

Henry Thoreau- Walden published in 1854; about market revolution and loss of country/nature. About his life in Walden Pond, living in recluse.

Nathaniel Hawthorne- The Scarlet Letter (1850); The House of Seven Gables (1851). Descriptions about colonial period setting.

Herman Melville- Moby Dick (1851); friend of Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Walt Whitman- “Leaves of Grass” (1855); poet; wrote in “off rhyme ” style.

Emily Dickinson- poet; lived in Amherst; reclusive; wrote about personal thoughts and feelings.

Fredrick Douglass- Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass (1845) – wrote of life as a slave (1st hand experience) Harriet Beecher Stowe- Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852); promoted anti-slavery feeling; opposed slavery of African Americans

Mexican-American War- U.S. gained Mexican lands; issue of slavery and expansion in America between North and South.

Wilmot Proviso- stated that all newly possessed territories from Mexico should be kept slavery-free.

Whigs- Formed during Jackson presidency; developed due to controversies Second American Party System Formed of the Whigs and Democrats; based on a national scale not sectional (Jackson Presidency).

Theodore Weld- leading abolitionist; claimed a split between the slavery-free North and slavery-based South was bound to happen.

John C. Calhoun- S.C. politician; shared support to S. slave owners Gag rule In congress, barred all discussion of slavery and abolitionist movement (repealed 1844)

Compromise of 1850- compromise over extension of slavery into Mexican territories; California- free state; popular sovereignty to determine other states; Texas ceded land to New Mexico and assumed $10 million of Tx debts (gov); slave trade banned in District of Columbia

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850- gave slave owners more power to regain runaway slaves; definite hearing; penalties for helping runaway slaves; slaves couldn’t testify.

Henry Clay- worked for a compromise of slavery; left senate (illness) before a compromise was determined

Daniel Webster- Northerner- predicted no peaceful secession of the south would be possible.

Liberty Party- “free soilers”- abolitionist party

Salmon P. Chase- Senator from Ohio- Liberty party rep. Claimed compromise of 1850 wouldn’t settle slavery issues.

Solomon Northrup- Free black from D.C.; kidnapped; sold into slavery Twelve Years a Slave Solomon Northrup’s tale of being a slave; was shipped back to the north.

Kansas-Nebraska Act- Destroyed Whig party; divided Democrats; opened Indian territories to settlement; popular sovereignty (slavery).

Stephan Douglass- Kansas-Nebraska act; no support; mistake Popular Sovereignty “majority rules”- vote for individual state for/against slavery

Bleeding Kansas- state torn between slavery and abolition; fights between voters

Border Ruffians- Missourians (pro-slavery) illegally vote in Kansas Popular Sovereignty illegal voting and violence in Kansas

Nativism- against immigration (Irish and German); they were catholic and took up jobs

American Party- Nativists voted against immigration