User:Godfreysang/Jean Marie Seroney

Jean-Marie Seroney Jean-Marie Seroney was one of Kenya’s most ardent legislators and human rights defender who served as the Member of Parliament for Nandi and Tinderet from 1961 to his detention without trial in 1975. He fiercely defended the independence of parliament at a time when it was becoming an arm of the executive and worked hard to introduce bills that would remove excessive powers vested in the President as a result of the numerous amendments to the Constitution which he had helped craft in Lancaster in 1962. He soon made powerful enemies in high places a fact that would lead to his detention and eventually his death.

Early Life Jean-Marie Seroney was born on Monday July 25, 1927 at Kapsabet, Nandi District of Kenya. He was born Eric Kipkurgat Seroney the first child to the recently converted Africa Inland Mission (AIM) teacher Reuben Seroney and Leah Tapmaina who had also joined the mission at Kapsabet. Shortly after his birth, the Rev. Stuart M. Bryson was posted to Kapsabet AIM Mission to take over. He immediately sent Reuben Seroney and his family to start an out-school at Surungai some 32 miles north of the mission. Reuben and Leah taught at the Surungai School in the afternoons and spent their mornings preaching in the nearby villages. Two years later, Leah was expecting a baby but developed complications of labour and died leaving the young widower and two year old Eric. She was the older sister of Rev. Ezekiel Birech the late presiding Bishop of the AIC Church in Kenya. Her death early in 1929 was a major blow to Reuben Seroney. He busied himself in the new school and would cycle back to Kapsabet where the translation of the Bible to Nandi had begun. He got remarried again two years later to Rebecca Jeptarus and young Eric had a new mother. They lived in the Surungai mission until 1933 when his father was asked to move to Kapsowar in Elgeyo-Marakwet area to pioneer the mission with Rev. and Mrs. R. V. Reynolds. The AIM had also started a hospital there. Reuben Seroney stayed there for five years as the lead teacher of the school there. Education The young Seroney began formal schooling in 1935 at Kapsowar with his father and Mrs. Reynolds as his instructors. Following his father's return to Kapsabet in May 1938, he joined the Government African School at Kapsabet (now Kapsabet High School) from 1938-1940. Seroney passed his Primary School Examination (PSE) and was the only one in his class to be admitted to the prestigious Alliance High School in Kikuyu which was then Kenya's only secondary school. He obtained a scholarship from the Local Native Council (LNC) at Kapsabet. Seroney stayed at Alliance from 1941-1944 where he studied under the famous Carey Francis. He obtained a Division 1 which meant he could now proceed to Makerere for higher studies. He enrolled at the Makerere University College in Kampala,Uganda in 1945 taking the Higher studies in Arts. After performing well he got the Government of India Scholarship to study at the prestigious University of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh India. He begun his studies there in September 1947 and completed his BA degree in 1949 obtaining a Second-class. He began to study for his LLB at the same University completing his studies in June 1951 obtaining a First class. He returned to Kenya and was now deeply political. In February 1952 the Colonial Government was not impressed with his political activities and so it was felt that he should proceed to England for further studies. He was offered a loan by the Government and in July 1952 he was admitted to the University College of the South-West of England at Exeter (now the University of Exeter) where he would study for an Intermediate LLB of the University of London and at the same time studying for the bar at the Inner Temple London. After differences over what he considered a repetition of his degree at India, he opted to go straight for the Bar instead of reading for the Intermediate LLB. After much struggle with the authorities in England he sat for his Bar finals in December 1955 and on the 7th of February 1956 he was admitted to the Bar of England by the Honorable Society of the Inner Temple and was thus qualified to practice law as an Advocate before Her Majesty's High court. Religion Reuben Seroney has a misunderstanding with Stuart M. Bryson (one of the first AIM missionaries to the Nandi who helped translate the Bible into the Nandi language with Rev.Samuel Kipnyigei), and Mr. R. V. Reynolds over Nandi cultural practices that the AIM church did respect, he leaves the AIM Church. He now goes into the Church Missionary Society (CMS) Church (the forerunner of the Anglican Church of Kenya) with his family shortly after his return from Kapsowar. He was licensed to become an "Evangelist / Teacher" by the African Church Council of the 'Native Anglican Church' on the 29th of November 1942. The young Seroney also fell out with his own father in the matter of religion while attending Makerere University College in 1946 where he became a Catholic. It was here that he changed his name to John Marie Therese out of his devotion to St. Marie Therese of Liseux. He later frankicized and hyphenated the name to Jean-Marie Seroney dropping the use of ‘Therese’ He remained a practicing Catholic the remainder of his life devoted to his most loved St. Therese Employment and entry into politics On his return to Kenya in 1956, Seroney joined the Registrar-General's office as a Legal Assistant and begun to work there on the 21st June 1956. In December 1957 he was promoted to the position of Public Prosecutor in charge of Bankruptcy offences through a Kenya Gazette notice no. 4067 dated 3rd December 1957. On the 25th of September 1958 he applied to be admitted as a member of the Law Society of Kenya which had just been formed in 1948. Seroney had made history as the second black Kenyan African to qualify in Law after the late Chiedo More Gem Argwings-Kodhek. At the time of his application in1958 the Hon. Justice Chanan Singh was the Chairman of the Law Society of Kenya. When he was accepted to the Bar of Kenya he immediately resigned and went into private practice. It was not until 1959 that Seroney ventured into politics proper when he calls for the formation of a political party that took the interests of the Africans at heart. The following year he announced his intention to vie for the Nandi open seat at the Legislative Council (LEGCO) on Sunday November 27, 1960. In February 1961, at the age of 34 he was elected to the Legislative Council as Member for Nandi becoming one if its youngest members. He was appointed Parliamentary Secretary the equivalent of an Assistant Minister today in the Ministry of Defence. In February 13, 1962 he was in the Kenyan Delegation to the Lancaster House Conference and the final Independence talks in September 1963. In 1963 he was elected Member of Parliament for Nandi North Constituency on a KADU ticket and also took his seat in the regional assembly that met in Nakuru. He however crossed the floor and joined KANU together with Taita arap Towett MP for Bureti and William Murgor MP for Elgeyo on November 21, 1963. This rubbed many the wrong way especially his friend Daniel arap Moi who had remained in KADU. On November 27, 1963 he invites Prime Minister Jomo Kenyatta to address a public rally in Kapsabet and Eldoret. In 1969 he beat his closest rival Mr. Francis K. Ruto to win with 9,006 votes against Ruto's 1,699 to reclaim his Tinderet seat Nandi Hills Declaration Seroney got in trouble in September 1969 when he presented the controversial "Nandi Hills Declaration", a document which was authored by his friend Mr. Joseph K. Mitei from Koilot, Lessos of Nandi District. Mitei was the Organizing Secretary of ruling party Kanu, Nandi branch on wrote the document on the 27th of July 1969. The document challenged the Kenyatta administration's sale / settlement of Nandi land to non-Kalenjin settlers at the expense of former owners of that land while the other half was a protest on police brutality. It was deemed seditious and Seroney was arrested on Saturday 20th September 1969 at Eldoret and transported to Nakuru with his friend Mr. Mitei and on Tuesday 23rd September charged with sedition in a Nakuru court. The defence was led by Mr. P.J. Wilkinson QC, a former Attorney General of Uganda assisted by Mr. Sibi-Okumu. They were convicted and fined KShs. 6,000 each by Resident Magistrate Mr. R.P. Maini.

Fallout with Moi By now Seroney was not very popular with establishment figures especially Daniel Moi who had now been appointed as the Vice-President as he seemed to undermine his (Moi's) authority as the spokesman of the Kalenjin. He was however wildly popular on the ground, much more popular than Moi who was Vice-President. Moi was percived by the Kalenjin as having watched as their lands were wantonly stolen by powerful figures in Kenyatta's government. Moi’s appointment was seen as a way to placate the Kalenjin while their lands were taken. Some strong political forces in the Rift Valley started to gang up against Seroney ahead of the 1974 General Election held on October 14. Most notable was the then Councillor Ezekiel Barngetuny who was Moi's closest confidant in Nandi. Despite strong opposition, Seroney retained his seat and was determined to add a feather in his cap by gunning for the seat of Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly which he won. Parliament was adjourned for 2 months after Seroney was elected Deputy Speaker. Former Uasin Gishu politician Paul Boit, realizing that Seroney's differences with Moi were widening, he approached Seroney and took him to Moi at Kabarak in a bid to have them bury the hatchet. It was after the meeting that Seroney bought some 1,546 acres of former Kapkures Sisal Estates and renamed Kaprotuk Farm. He was to pay Sh1,035,000 to the National Bank of Kenya. Deputy Speaker On February 5, 1975 he was elected as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly a position that he attained after a long wrangle with some MPs especially from the front bench (cabinet) who bitterly opposed his election. Parliament was adjourned for two months following the appointment which did not go down with establishment figures. Vice-President Moi was the Leader of Govenment Business in Parliament. Detention In the same year on October 9th, 1975, he got in trouble again when as Deputy Speaker of Parliament, he refused to ask Martin Shikuku MP for Butere to substantiate his remark that 'Kanu was dead'. He replied to Kihika Kimani who had sought a substantiation of the remarks of Shikuku that "why substantiate the obvious...". This remark. led to his detention on October 15, 1975 at his office in Parliament at 7:15 pm. Earlier that day he had sparked heated and bitter debate when he sought the Speaker's ruling on his security after getting wind that policemen were waiting to pick him and Shikuku up. He Chaired the afternoon session until 6:30 pm and was picked up as he left his office. That was the last day he saw the inside of Parliament rudely cutting off the promising career of one of Kenya's most brilliant sons. He was led off to Manyani where he served in detention without trial for the next three years. He took with him some books showing what a studious man he was. The law then stated that a sitting MP to lose by being absent for 9 months. He lost his seat subsequently. John Cheruiyot the son of his erstwhile benefactor Elijah Cheruiyot, who would go ahead to challenge for Seroney's Tinderet seat but lost to Hon. Gerald Kalya who had just lost his Mosop seat in the previous General Election. Kalya was an ally of Seroney and thus became one of few MPs to have consecutive terms from different constituencies. Seroney never spoke of his days behind bars. However, Ngugi wa Thiongo who had been thrown into jail in 1977 wrote the following in his book 'Detained: A Prison Writer's Diary': One day soon after my arrival in Kamiti, I entered his cell. I found him seated on the bed. there was a yellow plastic pail near him. Between every two sentences, he would vomit into the pail. Each time he belched, he would vomit into the pail. He had to eat about fifteen times a day so that on vomiting something would remain behind to sustain his life. He had been in that condition for two years. I was shaken by this revelation. He was really a very sick man although he took it all philosophically. ‘That which is hidden under the bed will one day come to light,' he had told me. I could never have believed the scene in a supposedly independent Kenya. Why keep a sick man in prison just to prove to him that KANU was not dead, that what he thought was death was simply the party's style of life.

Seroney was released from detention through a Presidential pardon with 25 others on 12th December 1978 having spent 1,155 days in detention without trial becoming one of Kenya's longest prisoners of conscience. Final Days In January 1979 just 3 weeks after his release from detention, he was invited together with a large delegation from his Tinderet Constituency to Moi's home at Kabarak on the 1st of January 1979 ostensibly to begin a new year with new things. During the meeting, President Moi praised Seroney as a good leader and played down their differences pledging to work with him. He reportedly said that if there were only a few others like Seroney, this nation would be very different. The truce was to last only a few days. Just a week later, another delegation led by Ezekiel Barngetuny went to Kabarak this time taking a young middle management employee of the Kenya Breweries named Henry Kosgey. He was introduced to the gathering of Tinderet constituents at Kabarak as the man for the upcoming elections of 1979. The indefatigable efforts of Ezekiel Barngetuny (who went on to introduce Samuel Ngeny to beat Simeon Kiptum Choge and Stanley Metto to beat Tanui in Mosop through his famous slogan 'Kibunguok Somok' or "Three Keys") The election symbol for Kosgey, Ngeny and Metto were Keys. Barngetuny and others led to the electoral defeat of Seroney on the 8th November 1979. All his three 'Keys' went in. Seroney conceded defeat pledging to work with the new MP citing "grave irregularities during the election campaign and on the polling day..." . He had been physically harrased, beaten and even denied permits to hold public rallies and where he did, they were disrupted. It was clear that someone did not want him to go back to parliament - rather desparately. According to Mr. Peter Sang an Eldoret businessman and staunch supporter, there was a deliberate scheme to rig Seroney out. Mr. Sang narrated a story told to him by a Mr. H. K. Burrows the proprietor of Ogirgir Tea estate who found a mob of rowdy youth that had captured Seroney, roughed him up, spat on him all over, soiled him and mocked him in public as he was on his campaign trail. Mr. Burrows intervened and got Seroney released by the mob. It was soon clear that his re-election efforts were futile. He lost by an unreasonably huge margin. It wasn’t probable, but it happened. On November 16, 1979 he issued a press statement pledging to work with the new MP and pledging his loyalty to President Moi. It seems the system was by now far too powerful to beat. In 1980, he was appointed Chairman of the Industrial Development Bank of Kenya (IDB). He worked with Dr. Julius Gikonyo Kiano his longtime friend and the Minister for Industry was Andrew Omanga. His office at the IDB headquarters along Harambee Avenue Nairobi where the offices remain to date. Death On the afternoon of Tuesday November 30, 1982 he was admitted at MP Shah Hospital in Nairobi complaining of chest pains. He had been unwell for a number of days avoiding going to hospital. His secretary then called a doctor who took him to hospital from his house in Mariakani (South B) Nairobi. He spent 5 days in the general ward and was due to be discharged on Friday of that week. However, his condition took a sudden turn for the worse shortly after a visit by some of his most ardent opponents. He was take to ICU on Saturday where was put under further treatment when he got worse. On Monday 6th December at 6:45 am Hon. Jean- Marie Seroney died. His personal doctor Dr. (Mrs.) Nalini P. Mandevia said that he died of "hepatitis failure, jaundice and anemia" Curiously, no post-mortem was done. President Moi immediately sent a message of condolence to his family stating that he had learned with "deep sorrow" of the untimely death of Mr. Seroney. He died exactly 1456 days from his release from detention or just 6 days shy of the fourth anniversary of his release. He was buried on the same day he was released exactly 4 years later on 13th December 1982 in a ceremony that was attended by President Moi and thousands of his friends and constituents at Kolelach Village, Meteitei, Tinderet. However, the farm where he was buried was later sold by the Bank to recover the loan. His former house is now a part of a school. Legacy Jean-Marie Seroney will forever remain one of Kenya's greatest champions for democracy for having had the courage to criticize both the Kenyatta and Moi governments at a time when such criticism was almost tantamount to suicide. A few years after Kenya's independence in 1963, the country was firmly united under President Jomo Kenyatta and supported him euphorically, often opting to ignore his government's shortcomings. While some say the lack of major political dissent during Kenyatta's Presidency was as a result of the desire by Kenyans to ensure peace and tranquility during the initial years of statehood, many others will tell you it was simply out of fear of reprisals from the very powerful Kenyatta. Kenyatta was not only considered a father figure by most Kenyans, but a liberator too. Needless to say, the political capital he reaped from this was insurmountable making him extremely powerful. That politicians like Seroney even mastered up enough courage to stand up against Kenyatta's government is something that still baffles many Kenyans. The other Kenyan politicians enjoying almost similar post-humous celebrity for their defiance include the late Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, popularly known as JM, The late Bishop Alexander Kipsang' Muge, and the late Jaramogi Oginga Odinga. JM died under mysterious circumstances in what many Kenyans still suspect was an assassination for his opposition to President Kenyatta's administration, it was Seroney who was the secretary of the committee of inquiry into his death and practically penned down the entire report.