User:Gogulls11/Toll-like receptor 5

It has been shown to be involved in the onset of many diseases, including Inflammatory bowel disease due to the high expression of TLR5 in intestinal lamina propria dendritic cells. Recent studies have also shown that malfunctioning of TLR5 is likely related to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone loss. Additionally, abnormal TLR5 functioning is related to the onset of gastric, cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers.

TLR5 recognizes bacterial flagellin, the protein monomer of bacterial flagella and a virulence factor. Flagellin are found on nearly all motile bacteria and contains regions that are highly conserved among all bacteria, facilitating the recognition of flagellin by a germ-line encoded receptor such as TLR5. The activation of this receptor mobilizes the nuclear factor NF-κB and stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. However, some Proteobacteria flagella have developed favorable mutations that prevent TLR5 receptors from recognizing them, increasing their likelihood of survival.

TLR5 may play a role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), since TLR5 expression on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC's) are important for maintaining the composition of intestinal microbiota. Additionally, TLR5-deficient mice develop