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The Howrah–Barddhaman main line is a 107 km long, major broad-gauge railway line that connects the Howrah railway station, near the city of Kolkata, with the town of Barddhaman via Bandel in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is one of the two major lines of the Howrah–Barddhaman section of the Howrah–Delhi line, the other being the Howrah–Barddhaman chord line, and is one of the most busiest corridors of the Indian Railways.

It is also a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system and serves many major suburban towns and villages in the Howrah, Hooghly and Purba Barddhaman districts of West Bengal. The entire line falls under the jurisdiction of the Howrah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways.

History
The East Indian Railway Company which was formed on 1 June 1845, planned to construct a line from Howrah to Delhi. After surveys, construction began in 1851.

Howrah station was a tin shed and to reach it from Kolkata one had to cross the Hooghly River in a ferry. On 15 August 1854, the first passenger train in the eastern section was operated up to Hooghly railway station, 39 km away. On 1 February 1855 the first train ran from Howrah to Raniganj, 195 km from Howrah.

Access to Howrah station
A pontoon bridge was built across the Hooghly River in 1874 to provide easy access to Howrah Station, and in 1943 the cantilever Howrah Bridge, later renamed Rabindra Setu, was built.



Other routes
The Sheoraphuli–Tarakeswar branch line was constructed in 1885, and the Howrah–Barddhaman chord line, a shorter link to Barddhaman, was constructed in 1917. (See route diagram for Sheoraphuli-Tarakeswar Line with this page also).

With the construction of the Jubilee Bridge in 1887 across the Hooghly, railway lines on the eastern side of the Hooghly were linked to the main line at Bandel. In 1932, the Calcutta chord line was built over the Willingdon Bridge joining Dum Dum with Dankuni.

In 1913, the Hooghly–Katwa Railway constructed a line from Bandel to Katwa, and the Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa Railway constructed the Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop.(See route diagram for the Bandel–Katwa line with this page).

The railway track was extended to Belur Math in 2003.

Electrification
Electrification of the Howrah–Barddhaman main line was initiated up to Bandel in 1957, with the 3000 v DC system, and the entire Howrah–Barddhaman route completed with AC system, along with conversion of earlier DC portions to 25 kV AC, in 1958.

Tracks
There are 5 tracks between Howrah and Bally. There are 3 tracks between Bally and Serampore, 4 tracks between Serampore and Seoraphuli Junction, 3 tracks between Seoraphuli Junction and Bandel Junction and 2 tracks between Bandel Junction and Saktigarh and from Saktigarh up to Barddhaman Junction 5 tracks. Third track is operational from October, 2018 between Khanyan and Debipur in the Bandel–Barddhaman section.

Loco and car sheds
Howrah has a diesel and an electric loco shed. Both of them rank among the largest in India. The diesel loco shed houses WDM-2, WDM-3(A, B and D), WDP-4D and WDS-6 locos. Some WDS-4 are also occasionally seen shunting alongside the regular WDS-6 ones. The electric loco shed houses WAP-4 and WAP-7 locos. Commissioned in 2001, it is one of the largest WAP-4 sheds in Indian Railways. There used to be a time when, 60% of the shed was occupied by WAP-4 alone. It is also growing in stature as it can also now handle large no. of locos of one of the premier passenger WORKHORSE locos of India...i.e.WAP-7.it currently holds ownership of more than 30+ WAP-7 locos. It has facilities for handling 100+ locos. Some of these, like WAM-4 and WAG-5 are borrowed in temporarily from the Asansol electric loco shed, The main hub for handling WAM and WAG types (except WAG-9., whose ownership resides with Howrah shed ). The HOWRAH electric loco shed has a very detailed planning of the infrastructure that allows it to hold and maintain its own locos as well as locos from other sheds. There is a diesel loco shed at Bamangachi with WDM-2(not more than 7 generally ), WDS-4 and WDS-6(some of them being diesel hydraulic shunters). Barddhaman has a diesel loco shed with WDG-3(A and B), WDM-6(generally a couple of them), WDM-2 and WDM-3(A, B, D) locos. It can handle 35+ locos. There is a diesel loco shed at Liluah and an Electrical multiple unit (EMU) car shed at Howrah and Bandel. Liluah Carriage & Wagon Workshop maintains coaches and freight wagons. Tikiapara Coaching Depot maintains 22 primary base trains and 6 round trip trains. Total coach holding capacity is 744 coaches. It handles prestigious trains like Rajdhani Express and Duronto Express. The Coaching Depot is under Howrah Division, Eastern Railway. Barddhaman Coaching & Wagon Depot can maintain four passenger trains, including one DEMU rake. It has a capacity of holding 71 coaches.

Speed limits
The Howrah–Barddhaman main line is classified as 'B' class line where trains can run up to 130 km per hour.