User:Goverman/Klazomania

General definition

 * Klazomania is a rare but characteristic paroxysmal compulsive shouting attack. It is classified as a complex phonic tic disorder.

History

 * Klazomania comes from the Greek "klazo", meaning to scream. It was first witnessed in a patient with postencephalitic Parkinsonian syndrome.

Symptoms

 * Attacks can be anticipated by a few seconds. Major symptoms include: agitation, shouting at the top of one's voice and angry appearance. Patients appear to be surprised by the attacks once they have concluded and are fully oriented between attacks.

Cases

 * 63 year-old man with two-year history of sudden shouting episodes.

Causes

 * Unknown at the present time. It could have to do with seratonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine receptors could be oversensitive.
 * Infection
 * Alcoholism

Other Complex Phonic Tics

 * Echolalia, Palilalia, Lexilalia and Coprolalia.

Related Disorders

 * Tourette syndrome
 * Asperger syndrome
 * Autism
 * Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Treatment

 * Behavioral therapy, drugs.