User:Gracchus resurgit/Leges Semproniae

The Leges Semproniae are the laws proposed by the brothers Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and Gaius Sempronius Gracchus during the years 133 BC and 123 BC their respective terms as tribunes of the plebs - which became known as the period of the Gracchian reforms.

Law proposed by Tiberius Gracchus in 133 BC:


 * Lex agraria ("agrarian law"): Law concerning the redistribution of ager publicus (public land), as well as other issues of property,

Laws proposed by Gaius Gracchus in 123 and 122 BC:


 * Lex agraria ("agrarian law"): Re-proposition of the agrarian law of 133 BC, which had been revoked temporarily.


 * Lex frumentaria ("grain law"): Introduced distribution of subsidised grain to the plebs urbana (urban common people)


 * Lex iudicaria ("judicial law"): Dimished the influence of Senators at the courts in favor of Equestrians.


 * Lex militaris ("military law"): Forbid the drafting of adolescents below the age of 17 for the military. The state also had to pay for the equipment of recruits.


 * Lex de provocatione ("appeal law"): Solidified the right to appeal (ius provocandi) for plebejans to the popular assembly (provocatio ad populum) if they saw their life threatened by a Magistrate.


 * Lex de provincia Asia ("law of the province of Asia"):  Law introducing system of taxation to the new province of Asia


 * Lex de provinciis consularibus ("law of consular provinces"): The election of consuls should only take place after the decision on which province they would govern after their term in office.


 * Lex de viis muniendis ("law on the expansion of roads"): Funding of public road Expansion.

Literature

 * T. Robert S. Broughton: The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Vol. 1: 509 B.C.–100 B.C. (= Philological Monographs, Nr. XV,1). American Philological Association, New York 1951, ISBN 978-0891307068, S. 493 f., S. 513 f., S. 517 f.
 * Pierre Grimal (Hrsg.): Der Aufbau des römischen Reiches. Die Mittelmeerwelt im Altertum III (= Fischer Weltgeschichte. Band 7). Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1966.
 * Ingemar König: Der römische Staat. Ein Handbuch. Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-15-018668-8, S. 128 f.