User:Gradchemstudent/sandbox

This is my first sandbox. I'll be editing this sandbox over the next three months.

==Peer Review== Answers to peer review questions:

1. I think the title of this Wikipedia page should be 'Janus nanoparticles' instead of 'Janus particles' because the fourth paragraph of the Introduction states that "The focus of this page will be on Janus nanoparticles...". Based on the amount of references on Janus nanoparticles, I believe that Janus nanoparticles is an appropriate Wikipedia page.

Additional links: Paragraph 2 of Introduction: polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polymerization, octadecyltrichlorosilane, cellulose, emulsification, wettabiliy Paragraph 3 of Introduction: nanoelectronrics, pharmaceuticals Paragraph 4 of Introduction: self-assembly, synthesis, micrometer, copolymer, ligand, micelle Paragraph 5 of Introduction: magnetic, pH Paragraph 7 of Introduction: catalysis, biocompatibility

In paragraph 2 of Intro, you try to link to amphilphilic but this page don't exist yet. I would remove this link. Since a page doesn't exist for amphilphilic, I would define it in paragraph 2 for the reader.

2. The introduction provides a brief yet informative synopsis of Janus nanoparticles. The first paragraph should include more information for the general public. I would include why these particles are named "Janus" in the first paragraph. If possible, I would add an example of a Janus nanoparticle that is commonly used in industry (such as textiles or pharmaceuticals) so that the general public can understand the utility of these particles. For example: The Janus nanoparticles, X, has property A of one hemisphere and property B on the other. It is commonly used in the pharmacautical industry to synthesis Y drug. One question I had after reading the first paragraph: Can Janus particles have more than two distinct parts? In paragraph 4, I would list the three synthesis routes using numbers (1, 2, 3) instead of writing them in the body of the paragraph.

3. I like how the history of Janus particles is outlined in paragraph 2 of the Introduction. It lets the reader know that this particles are a relatively new technology. I would clairfy what "Janus grains" are (in paragraph 3 of Introduction). I think a brief comparison to 'regular' nanoparticles would be helpful (such as "Traditional nanoparticles have homogeneous surfaces so only one type of chemistry can occur on the surface"). This comparison will provide context for Janus nanoparticles within the realm of materials science. Again, I would add more examples to illustrate why Janus nanoparticles are an important development in materials science. For example, before Janus nanoparticles, Z synthesis wasn't possible or the synthesis of Z is much more efficient with Janus nanoparticles, etc.

4. The outline for the Synthesis section looks good. I would separate the Properties and Applications sections into two sections because you have many sub-sections in these two areas. Some of the sub-sections in this section (such as dimerization and pH and temperature dependance) would make more sense in the synthesis section, not the Properties section. I would divide the synthesis section into different sub-sections also (if you move some of the topics from Properties to Synthesis).

5. I really like the figure that shows the Janus nanoparticle with a blue and a yellow hemisphere, indicating different surfaces. But this figure brings up my previous question: can Janus nanoparticles have more that two distinct surfaces? If yes, I would include this in the figure's caption. I like the idea of the diagram of the three synthesis pathways. I'm worried that you won't be able to see the schematic clearly. Perhaps separate this diagram into three separate figures? I like the schematic of the microfabrication process (did you make this schematic yourself? If you made it yourself, I'm impressed. Remember, we have to create all of our own images.)

6. In general, the language and flow of the Introduction is good. I would try to vary your sentence structure (complex and simple).

Suggestions for re-wording:


 * Paragraph 3: Twenty years later, a plethora of Janus particles of different sizes and shapes and properties with applications in nanoelectronics, separation technology, and pharmaceuticals, just to name a few, has been reported

Re-wording: Twenty years later, a plethora of Janus particles of different sizes, shapes and properties have been reported with applications in many areas such as nanoelectronics, separation technology and pharmaceuticals.


 * Paragraph 5: The Muller group reported controlled self-assembly of cylindrical Janus particles, spherical Janus nanoparticles, and disk-like Janus nanoparticles.

Re-wording: The Muller group reported controlled self-assembly of cylindrical, spherical and disk-like Janus nanoparticles.

Comments of references:

1. You have several references at bottom of your page that aren't numbered. I assume that these sources will be added to the synthesis, properties and applications sections later. Correct? Otherwise, they need to be removed.

2. You have a great number of references, including major reviews, that come from a variety of sources.

3. There are some 'funny' symbols in the authors names and titles of some of your references (such as square root symbols, cent symbols, etc). See reference #4,6,7,8,12 and 13 (as well as unnumbered references).

4. In the fifth and sixth paragraphs of the Introduction, you need to cite your references. For example, "The Muller group reported...." and "The Hatton group reported..." don't have references at the end of the sentence.

==Peer Review==

All of my comments below are based on the last page saved on November 22 (not on the pages saved on November 23).

Answers to peer review questions:

1. I think the title is appropriate for Wikipedia entry. I like that an abbreviation of core-shell semiconducting nanocrystals is given in the first paragraph. However, the abbreviation (CSSNC) is long and cumbersome. I would suggest using the abbreviation CSN instead (or some other shorter abbreviation).

Additonal links:

Intro: modularity, semiconductors

Background: Colloidal, nanocrystals, photonic, photovoltaic, light-emitting diode, biological imaging, emission, luminescent, electron hole pair, conduction band, valence band, photons, band gap, Auger recombination

Classification: magnetic memory

Synthesis: sol-gel, microemulsion, micelles, zeolites, polymers, fatty acids, quantum confinement, photoluminescence, UV-Vis, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, octadecene, oleylamine, myristic acid, chloroform, toluene, pyridine, hexane, oleic acid, acetone, absorption

Applications: brightness, in vitro, pathogen, genomic, proteomic, lymph nodes, in vivo, doxorubicin, antigen, excretion, toxicity, DNA, liver

2. While the information is present, I think it could be presented in a more coherent fashion in the Introduction. In general, the sentence structure is confusing and it doesn't flow. I would consider re-wording the entire Introduction section (but keeping the same information). I would describe what a CSSNC is, its significance in materials science and finally its applications (in that order). The sentence below is from the Synthesis section but I think it would be more appropriate in the Introduction paragraph: Since the synergistic properties induced by the intimate contact and the interaction between different components, core and shell, core shell nanoparticles can provide novel functions which are not provided in the single nanoparticles and have enhanced properties.

3. Yes, the Background provides sufficient information on CSSNCs and places it in the realm of materials science. However, I have read this section several times and still don't completely understand it. I think adding even more 'basic' information (such as defining quantum yield) as well as referring to the figures would be helpful in this section. It also seems a little disjointed from the rest of the page. For example, the various applications aren't mentioned. The last sentence is very odd to me. I think it should either be expanded into its own paragraph (by elaborating on the research history) or incorporated into another paragraph in the Background section. The following sentence is from the Synthesis section and I think it should be moved to the Background section: Usually, when the core shell nanoparticles(or nanocrystals) shows the "Core material/Shell material" form. For example, CdSe/CdS core shell nanocrystals mean that CdSe is core and CdS coats CdSe and make a shell on the surface of CdSe. This previous sentence could also be re-worded.

5. In the first figure, the caption should be "A representation of of core-shell semiconducting nanocrystals". The first two figures definitely add to the Introduction. I would add a sentence in the Introduction explaining that these CSSNCs have a variety of colors due to differing core/shell compositions (as seen in the second figure). For Figure 2, did you make this figure yourself? Because I see a 'c' in the upper left corner that indicates the image may have come from a reference. In Figure 1, the core is red and the shell is blue while in Figure 4, the core is blue and the shell is red. These colors should be consistent between the figures. Additionally, the figures should be numbered so that they can be referred to in the text by their appropriate number. Figure 3, 5 and 6 probably should be larger. You refer to a red arrow in the sixth figure (type II of Classification section). Initially I couldn't see a red arrow in the small figure (all the arrows appear black) but when I expanded the figure to full size, then I could barely see the red arrow. I think the red arrow should be more prominent in this figure (bolder and brighter red). The seventh figure (in the Application section) should have a caption.

6. I don't think that any major references are missing. The article so far has 32 references, which is a good amount. Most of the references are within the last ten years and there are several from 2010. The formatting of the references is not consistent. I think that the article title should be in quotation marks and the journal title should be italicized. I think the formatting for reference 1-8, 24, 29-32 is correct while the others are incorrect. For most sections, the references are included in the text. In parts of the Applications and Synthesis sections, the references are listed next to the heading. To be consistent, I think that all of the references should be included in the text (not next to the headings) so that the reader know exactly which the reference the information came from.

7. I can clearly see that there are three parts to this Wikipedia page that were written by three different people. Perhaps it would be helpful if the group members edited each others sections so that the flow and tone of all the sections was more consistent. Overall, I think you need to proof read the entire article because I noticed many grammar and spelling mistakes that need to be fixed. I won't list all of the mistakes but I will point out the more major points below.


 * Some of the text in the Background section is italicized. Was this intentional? I don't see why it should be italicized.
 * In 25 locations in the Application section, the abbreviation for core-shell semiconducting nanocrystals is spelled incorrectly. In these locations, it's spelled CSSNS instead of CSSNC.
 * In the second figure and in several other places, the abbreviation QD is used but there isn't explanation for what QD stands for (quantum dot perhaps?).
 * In the Classification section, two sentences refer to figure X. You need to refer to the figures by number.
 * Also in the Classification section, I think that the description and example section should be combined into one paragraph.
 * When listing the bandgap values for specific CSSNC, the units of the bandgap value are missing and there needs to be spaces between ZnTe(bandgap:2.26)/CdSe(bandgap:1.74) and the other examples given in this section.
 * In the Doping section, can you add more specific details of how doping CdSe/ZnS with Mn changes its properties?
 * In the Synthesis section, I would combine the chemicals and synthesis sub-sections into one paragraph. I don't think that the chemicals need to be listed separately because they are mentioned in the synthesis sub-section. Additionally, the reagent amounts aren't necessary. If someone wants to reproduce the work, he/she can look at the cited paper for more details.
 * Also in the Synthesis section, some of the reagents are listed by name (ex: toluene) while other are listed by formula (ex: H2 gas). I think you should write the name of each reagent to be consistent.
 * The abbrevation NC should be defined (Synthesis, type II, part 3).

Confusing sentences:

1) Intro paragraph: 2) Synthesis: 3) Applications:
 * Precise control of the size, shape, and composition of the core and shell enable the emission wavelength to be tuned over a wider range of wavelengths than with either individual semiconductor.
 * Or, as soon as the reaction solution reaches the desired temperature to react, make the solution cool really fast, the size of core can be smaller
 * In a separate flask, equal amounts of Cd and Se stock solutions (1M Se stock solution can be obtained by dissolving Se powder with TOP in ODE and 0.1M Cd stock solution can be prepared by dissolving CdO with oleic acid in ODE) are mixed and then added dropwise to the vigorously stirring solution of ZnSe core nanocrystals via a syringe pump over a period of 2 to 3 hours.(separate into two or three sentences)
 * One of the most important properties of core-shell semiconducting nanocrystals (CSSNCs) is that their cores, which are quantum dots, fluoresce, which is important in their biomedical and optical applications (needs to be re-worded)
 * Si is 10 times safer than Cd (what evidence supports this claim?)
 * An advantage of CSSNS LEDs over organic LEDs is that CSSNS LEDs have narrower emissions, as narrow as 32 nm, than organic LEDs, which range from 50-100nm (separate into two sentences)
 * electroluminescent efficiency (1.1–2.8 cd A21) (What are the units of these numbers? A21? Perhaps I'm just not familiar with it)

Suggestions for re-wording:

1) Intro paragraph: 2) Background: 3) Classification
 * Core-shell semiconducting nanocrystals (CSSNCs) are a class of materials which have properties between small individual semiconducting molecules and bulk crystalline semiconductors.
 * ...distinct semiconducting shell.
 * These materials have found applications in biological systems, such as..... Core-shell nanocrystals are also found in nature, as seen in....(give specific examples in both cases in order to pique the interest of the reader).
 * The quantized energy levels observed in quantum dots lead to electronic structures that are between single semiconductor molecules (which have a single HOMO-LUMO gap) and bulk semiconductors (which have continuous energy levels within bands)
 * In the type II configuration, the valence and conduction band edge of the core are both lower or higher than the band edges of the shell.