User:GraphiteHB/Fribourgeois

The Fribourgeois is a set of different Franco-Provençal dialects spoken in some parts of the canton of Fribourg (Switzerland), and more specifically in Gruyère.

The different dialects of the Fribourgeois are:


 * Gruvérin (Gruyère and Veveyse)
 * Patois de la Haute-Glâne
 * Broyard
 * Kouètse (patois from the lowland, notably the Sarine-Campagne)

History
In 1886, the use of Fribourgeois is forbidden in all schools of the canton of Fribourg. This interdiction is lifted in 1961 by deputy Joseph Brodard (also known as the composer of "Dzojè a Marc").

Personal pronouns
Unlike French, but similarly to other Romance languages, when a subject pronoun can sometimes be omitted. For example:


 * Iro dzounèta. ‚I will be a young woman.‘
 * Mè dèvejâvè to doulon in patê. ‚He spoke to me in Patois all along.‘

Adjective and possessive pronouns
The table below shows the possessive adjectives: The table below shows the possessive pronouns:

Demonstrative
In Fribourgeois, each substantive has two adjectives; one "standard" and one "accentuated":


 * chi lêvro – ‚this book‘
 * chti lêvro – ‚this "very" book‘

When the noun following a demonstrative adjective starts with a vowel, a liaison operates by either adding a l or a j before the noun, or by operating the elision of the demonstrative adjective's last vowel. :


 * chi lêvro – ‚this book‘
 * chi l’omo – ‚this man‘
 * ha tchivra – ‚this goat‘
 * h’inyema – ‚this anvil‘
 * hou vatsè – ‚those cows‘
 * hou j’omo – ‚those men‘

Unlike demonstrative adjectives, demonstrative pronouns replace a noun. Demonstrative pronouns differ whether the nouns it replaces is indefinite, close, far or in the speaker's hand.

Verb
Regular verbs fall into four groups:


 * 1) First group verbs end in -â (dèvejâ ‚to chat‘) or in -i (medji ‚to eat‘). The origin of the verbs from this category is from latin verbs ending in -ARE.
 * 2) Second group verbs end in -i (vinyi ‚to come‘) or (dremi ‚to sleep‘). Those verbs often find their origin in latin verbs ending in either -IRE or -ĒRE.
 * 3) Third group verbs end in -êre (bêre ‚to drink‘) or -ê (povê ‚to can‘). Those verbs often have origin in latin verbs ending in -ĒRE.
 * 4) Fourth group verbs end in -re (prindre ‚tot take‘).

Present participle is constructed by adding in in front of a verb and by modifying its ending with the suffix in.


 * L’ivouè ch’in va in èpoufin. ‚The water disappeared by boiling.‘

The table below shows the simple present tense conjugation:

Numeral system
Unlike in French from France, but similarly to the French spoken in Romandy, the numeral system in Fribourgeois not use the vigesimal system, but relies exclusively on a decimal system.


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 * Indo-European languages
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 * Gallo-Romance languages
 * Franco-Provençal