User:GreekApple123/sandbox

Ball in Play (BiP) is a short form of cricket which includes some features from baseball. It is played between two 4-player teams over four innings, with three overs in each innings. It was first played in 2022 as part of Jomboy Media's Warehouse Games in the United States.

History
After the founder of Jomboy Media, Jimmy O'Brien, gained an interest in cricket during the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, Jomboy Media started looking for a way to play cricket in its New Jersey warehouse, where it hosts a YouTube channel featuring a variety of modified sports. It was also seeking to play cricket in a way that melded with baseball in order to make it easier for more Americans and baseball fans to get a chance to learn about cricket. The Ball in Play League (BiPL) began in 2023, with a tester league having initially been completed in 2022. BiPL received support from Major League Cricket, which sent a few professional cricketers to play in the league.

Crossover with baseball
In BiP, the bowler throws the ball to the batter (who wields a baseball bat) like a baseball pitcher, with no restrictions on elbow extension; there may also be a speed limit for the bowled delivery (generally 40 mph), which if breached, results in the batting team having the option of re-doing the delivery. The wicket behind the striker is a structure akin to a physical baseball strike zone (i.e. it is a roughly square-like board with supports positioned about a meter off the ground), with a circular hole in the middle of it; if a delivery hits this "strike zone" (or is edged off the bat into the strike zone), then it is automatically a dot ball, and if the delivery goes into the hole in the strike zone, then the striker is out (akin to being bowled).

Indoor format
When BiP is played in an indoor environment, then both the walls directly in front of and behind the striker are treated as scoring zones akin to the boundary in traditional cricket, with a horizontal line drawn along both walls at a certain height above the ground; if a ball hits the wall behind the striker below the line, then it is automatically 4 runs, while if the ball hits the wall in front of the striker, it is 4 runs if it hits below the line and 6 runs otherwise. If the ball hits any other wall, then it is regarded as in play; as such, a ball ricocheting off a side wall or the ceiling can be caught for a wicket.

If there are spectator stands encroaching onto the field and the ball enters them during play, then only 1 run is scored on that delivery by the batting team and the ball becomes dead.

Other features
If a bowler bowls an over with no illegal deliveries (i.e. no wides or no-balls), then the bowler is eligible to bowl a second over; the bowler can bowl this second over at any time in the remainder of that innings, and if they elect to do so, then they are referred to as the 'golden bowler'.

History
Before India's independence in 1947, contact between India and Latin America was minimal. A few Indians came into Latin America during this time period due to the trans-pacific slave trade.

In the first 50 years after India's independence, ties between India and Latin America remained minimal; India's participation in the Non-Aligned Movement and the British Commonwealth, as well as its geographical distance from Latin America, separated it from the region. As recently as 1992, Indo-LAC (Latin America and the Caribbean) trade was worth less than $500 million. However, India did provide support in UN votes to Latin American countries in their conflicts with America, resulting in reciprocal support, and the Indian diaspora in LAC (such as the Indo-Caribbeans) was one of the factors providing a connection between India and Latin America throughout this time.

In the 21st century, India-Latin America relations have increased significantly. In 1996, as India and Latin America were taking steps to liberalize their economies, India started a "Focus LAC" policy. In recent years, India has sought to improve relations with Latin America as part of its overall desire to be a leader on the world stage. Latin America for its part has sought stronger ties with India as it has moved from a Western-oriented foreign policy in previous centuries to a more multipolar approach. In 2012, the first India-CELAC (Community of Latin American and Caribbean States) summit was hosted in New Delhi.

India signed a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) with Mercosur in 2004. Peru, Chile and Colombia have expressed interest in signing or have expanded their PTAs with India in recent decades.

India and China are sometimes analyzed as competing for engagement with Latin America; Indian FDI in the region is around $12-16 billion, while Chinese FDI is worth $159 billion. India-Latin American trade peaked at $50 billion in 2022, and is projected to reach $100 billion by 2027. Latin America receives 1/3rd of India's car exports, while India seeks energy and food security through Latin America. Weak transport capability and above-average tariffs are said to be significant factors holding India-Latin America trade back.

History
The ancient Pythian Games were one of the four Panhellenic Games that were cycled through every four years in ancient Greece, and were principally designed to celebrate art and culture. Pierre de Coubertin, who was the founder of the modern Olympic Games, was inspired to some extent by the ancient Pythian Games, and included some of the same artistic and cultural elements in the modern Olympics in its early years.

The Modern Pythian Games were founded by Bijender Goel, with the first elected President of the governing Pythian Council being Panos Kaltsis, the former mayor of Delphi, Greece.

The goal of the Modern Pythian Games is to encourage cultural diplomacy between nations, as well as to promote traditional cultures. The Games are also meant to encourage economic growth through tourism and recovery through unity after the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 90 countries have agreed to participate in the Games. Government officials from various countries have met with leaders of the Pythian Games, with a particular focus on Greece as the ancient origin of the concept.

Schedule
The first Pythian Games will take place in 2027, the first Junior Pythian Games in 2025, and the first Para Pythian Games (for disabled athletes) in 2024. One of the first competitions of the Modern Pythian Games was the online poetry and painting competition, started in 2023 in Delhi, India.

Creative fields
There are eight major creative fields represented in the Modern Pythian Games: musical arts, performing arts, visual arts, social and traditional arts (such as culinary arts), language and literary arts, architecture and ecology, robotics and digital arts, and various sports-related activities, such as martial arts, entertainment games, adventure games, e-sports, air sports, and traditional games. There is also a general focus on reviving dying art traditions.

Sports
Some of the traditional sports to be played in the Games include: • Blind cricket and disabled cricket

• Circle kabaddi

• Mallakhamb

• Jallikattu

• Polo

• Tennikoit

• Ball badminton

• Vallam kali

Board games
• Chaturanga

• Carrom

Martial arts
Some of the martial arts that may be included are: • Kalaripayattu

• Thang-ta

• Gatka

• Silambam

• Mallayuddha

• Kushti

• Varma Kalai

• Thoda

• Marma Adi

Cornhole
Cornhole involves participants trying to throw a bean bag into a hole in a slanted wooden board.

Chunkey
Chunkey is a Native American game in which players roll a stone and then attempt to throw a spear at the place where they predict the stone will stop. Success is determined by how close the spear ends up to the stopped stone.

Foursquare
Foursquare participants stand in the four quadrants of a square, and bounce a ball to each other, with the goal of making opponents fail to hit the ball into another player's quadrant before it bounces twice.

Lacrosse
Lacrosse is the most popular indigenous sport in America. It is a hockey-like game where players use sticks to get a ball into the opponent's goal.

Twister
Twister participants take turns trying to touch various parts of their body to the medium-size Twister mat on the ground, with various opponents usually becoming entangled in the process.

Wallball
Wallball participants take turns to hit a ball against a wall using their hands, with the goal of making their opponents fail to do the same before the ball has bounced twice on the ground.

Kickball
Kickball is played with a large hollow ball, with the batter kicking the ball and then running the bases.

Punchball
Punchball is a baseball variant played with nothing but a rubber ball. It was played to a great extent in New York City, and is similar to the official sport Baseball5.

Stickball
Stickball is a type of street baseball.

Capture the flag
Capture the flag splits the teams into two halves of the field. The objective of the players is to run into the opposite side of the field, steal the "flag" of the other team, and then return to their own half of the field without being tagged.

Duck, duck, goose
Duck, duck, goose sees players sit in a circle, with one player going around the outside of the circle and saying "duck" everytime they pass a player. At some point, they can decide to say "goose" when they pass one of the players; that player must then get up and try to tag the first player before they can round the circle and sit in the spot of the second player.

Marco Polo
Marco Polo is played in a swimming pool, with the tagger keeping their eyes closed and trying to tag the other players. The tagger can call out "Marco", with opponents required to shout back "Polo".

Sharks and Minnows
Sharks and Minnows is a game where players go from end of a swimming pool to the other without being tagged by the opponents in the middle. Each player who has been tagged becomes part of the tagging team, with the last player to be tagged winning.

Confusing Cricket Teatowel Explanation
Some cultural depictions play on the confusing aspects of cricket. For example, there is a description of cricket, often given to foreigners on a teatowel, which is designed to confuse by using various meanings of the words "in" and "out".

Note: In this description, 'in' is used to refer to "in the field (which can mean 'in the field in order to bat' or 'in the field in order to be [a part of] the team)", "in to bat (which can, among other things, refer either to a current batter who is '[[not out (cricket)|not out i.e. not dismissed', or the next batter in the batting order)", "in/into the cricket pavilion i.e. when someone goes off the field/'back into' the dressing room", "in the batting order", "not out i.e. a batter who has not been dismissed", etc., while 'out' refers to "out in/into the field (which can be said either of a player or team who is 'going out to bat', or is there to be the fielding team", "a batter who is out i.e. dismissed", "a team that is all out i.e. all of their players have been dismissed and thus they have completed their batting innings (though only 10 of a team's 11 players need be dismissed to do this, so technically there is always at least one player on the team who wasn't dismissed i.e. who is not out", etc.

Here is the description (though note that several small variations exist on it): "You have two sides, one out in the field and one in. Each man that's in the side that's in goes out,  and when he's out he comes in, and the next man goes in until he's out. When they are all out, the side that's out comes in, and the side that's been in goes out, and tries to get out those coming in. Sometimes you get men still in and not out. When both sides have been in and out, including the not outs, the winner is declared.....if there is one! Howzat!"

Here is the description annotated to make more sense: "You have two sides, one out in the field (in order to field i.e. the fielding team) and one in (to bat i.e. the batting team). Each man that's in the side that's in (to bat) goes out (into the field),  and when he's out (i.e. dismissed) he comes in (into the dressing room), and the next man goes in (to bat) until he's out (i.e. dismissed). When they are all out (i.e. when everyone on the batting team has been dismissed, meaning that the batting team has completed their innings), the side that's out (in the field i.e. the fielding team) comes in (to bat), and the side that's been in (to bat) goes out (into the field i.e. to become the fielding team), and tries to get out (i.e. dismiss) those coming in (to bat). Sometimes you get men still in (to bat) and not out (i.e. not dismissed). When both sides have been in (to bat) and out (i.e. this could either refer to "out in the field (to be the fielding team)", or "both teams have completed all of their innings, presumably because they have gotten dismissed; though note that a team can complete its innings due to other reasons, such as declarations"), including the not outs (i.e. some players are not out, meaning not dismissed, at the end of their team's innings, since in cricket, only 10 of 11 players on a team need be dismissed to end the team's innings), the winner is declared.....if there is one (i.e. because there may be a draw or tie; this usually is only relevant in Test cricket)! Howzat! ("How's that". Note that this is actually a term commonly used in cricket which has a specific meaning)"

The description varies between describing players ("those coming in" refers to specific batters who come in to bat) and teams.

Miscellaneous

 * Japanese depictions of cricket could be interesting, particularly in something like anime. The batsman could look something like Project Yasuo or Project Ashe, with their helmet being like Master Chief's, giving them live info on how the bowl will go (spin, swing, etc.) The bat could be romanticized to look like a samurai sword or such.
 * Helmet Camera batting in cricket: | GoPro batting - Adam Gilchrist's innings at Lord's | Access All Areas
 * In place of wickets and creases, you can have one object as the wicket, and another a few feet in front of it to serve as the center of an imaginary line that is the crease (or as in bete-ombro, have a circle in front of the wicket as the crease).


 * Leadoff hitter is opener. Reliever or closer is like death bowler.
 * Third base and left field are like deep or regular midwicket. Shortstop is mid on. Center is like long on or off, first and right are cover and deep extra cover, catcher is wicketkeeper and pitcher is bowler.


 * Purchase: getting something out of the ground (said of a spinner)
 * Deposited into the stands: ball hit into the spectator area for six
 * Offer or shake hand: the captains agreeing to call the match off (for Test cricket) https://www.gloscricket.co.uk/news/players-shake-hands-as-gloucestershire-and-leicestershire-draw/, https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/mar/14/cricket.lawrencebooth
 * Nipbacker and heavy ball
 * Sits up
 * Mankad is like pickoff for stolen bases


 * In cricket, one batter can face every pitch, while in baseball, one pitcher can throw every pitch.
 * Idea to use follow-on in baseball: https://ftw.usatoday.com/2018/08/cricket-follow-on-rule-for-mlb-game-length
 * A pitcher may stand in the middle bisecting line of the field, and likewise for a cricket batter, but bowlers may collide with the umpire or wicket if doing this, and baseball batters can't do this.
 * Cricket during Civil War: https://www.dreamcricket.com/articles/history-of-american-cricket/history-of-american-cricket-part-iv--1860s-civil-war--after/


 * If T10 was played in the Summer Olympics, as suggested by Eoin Morgan, then that would likely take the place of whichever T20 World Cup was played in the Olympic year. In that case, you'd naturally have one international event a year covering the four major formats every four years.

Tacobol sources: __
 * https://www.espn.com.au/cricket/story/_/id/23111708/latest-news-brazil-19-nov-1999
 * http://www.educacaofisica.seed.pr.gov.br/modules/conteudo/conteudo.php?conteudo=213
 * https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/charity-in-the-community/cricket-kit-donations/
 * Terms for batter who is up to bat: "at the plate/wicket/crease"
 * In all forms of cricket other than the Timeless Test, it is sometimes possible to predict the match result well before the end of the game during the final innings, simply because a team can't likely, or even mathematically, score a certain number of runs off a certain number of deliveries, without either significant fielding errors or illegal deliveries being bowled.
 * Whereas in baseball, the lack of time or delivery limits means a team batting last always has its "last licks" at a chance of victory.
 * T20's guarantee of 120 legal deliveries, when added together with the average number of extras per side (maybe 5 to 7), greatly resembles baseball's average of 146 pitches per team, both sports being generally 3 hours long. https://www.baseball-reference.com/blog/archives/7533.html
 * A team's winning score tries to indicate how close both teams were to the end of an innings, or the end of the match in general. They look at the three "resources" of a team: runs, wickets, and balls.
 * A team winning by "n innings and x runs" occurs when the winning team would not have won had they completed n more innings and scored x fewer runs.
 * In both sports, a catch nullifies any runs scored up until that point (though in baseball, the play is still live).

Cricket equivalent to fielder's choice: In cricket, when the batting team's players are not in their grounds (similar to not being on base), the fielding team can choose which wicket to hit with the ball, with the player from the batting team who is closest to the ground of that wicket being the one who is run out.

A tie does go to the runner in cricket, since a run out of stumping only occur when a batsman is out of his ground; a batsman who is in his ground when the wicket is put down is safe.

Simplified explanations of cricket using the Laws:
 * Cricket run-scoring using 4 of the Laws:
 * 18.1: The score shall be reckoned by runs. A run is scored: 18.1.1 so often as the batsmen [...] have [...] made good their ground from end to end.
 * [“made good their ground” meaning they have been in their ground]
 * 30.1.1 A batsman shall be considered to be out of his/her ground unless some part of his/her person or bat is grounded behind the popping crease at that end.
 * ["behind" meaning on the side of the popping crease that is further away from the other "end"]
 * 7.3: The popping crease [...] shall be in front of and parallel to the bowling crease [...] The popping crease [...] shall be considered to be unlimited in length; 7.2: The bowling crease [...] is the line that marks the end of the pitch
 * 6.1: The pitch is a rectangular area of the ground
 * [“ground” meaning the ground of the field; not to be confused with a batsman’s ground]


 * Explanation of the run-out with 3 Laws:
 * 38.1: Either batsman is [...] Run out [...] if [...] he/she is out of his/her ground and his/her wicket is fairly put down; [...] 38.4: If either batsman is [...] Run out, the run in progress when the wicket is put down shall not be scored; 38.3: The batsman out [...] is the one whose ground is at the end where the wicket is put down.
 * 30.2.3: If there is no batsman in either ground, then each ground belongs to whichever batsman is nearer to it; 30.2.4 If a ground belongs to one batsman then [...] the other ground belongs to the other batsman
 * 29.1.1: The wicket is put down if [...] struck [...]: 29.1.1.1 by the ball

Safe zones in both sports

 * Rather than there being a base, a cricket field is separated into two almost-halves that are safe-zones with an unsafe area between them.
 * References: Law 7.3 says the popping crease "shall be considered to be unlimited in length." and Law 30.1.1 says "A batsman shall be considered to be out of his/her ground unless some part of his/her person or bat is grounded behind the popping crease at that end."
 * For the purpose of measuring how close a batsman is to a ground, one can consider the distance of a batsman to Ground #2, if that batsman is grounded in Ground #1, to be the exact distance from Ground #1 to Ground #2 (or simply put, the distance between the grounds).
 * If one batsman's feet are 5 feet from a ground, but their bat is 2 feet from the ground, while the other batsman's feet are 4 feet from the ground, while their bat is 3 feet from the ground, then which is closer? Does it matter whether either of them has their bat on the ground?

Suraj Viswanathan
Suraj "Sun" Viswanathan is an Indian-American former Chairman of the Bay Area Cricket Alliance and an elected Board Member of USA Cricket. He is currently running for Milpitas City Council, having lost a race for that seat in 2018.

Suraj was inspired to run by being a part of Ro Khanna's Congressional campaign.

Cricket in the Dominican Republic
Cricket was historically played in the Dominican Republic by West Indian immigrants. It eventually died out, but an informal version of it survived as plaquita. It is currently administered by the Dominican Cricket Federation.

Shutout
Shutouts almost never occur in cricket, as even a single mistake by the bowler or fielders (such as bowling an illegal delivery, or failing to stop the ball) can result in a run being scored (the scoring players only need to run about 58 feet ); in addition, in first-class cricket, the fielding team must get all but one of the batting team's players out without scoring to end the batting team's scoring turn and earn a shutout (whereas in limited overs cricket, they only need to bowl a certain number of legal deliveries without conceding runs). One example of a shutout in cricket was a local 1913 match between Langport and Glastonbury in England, which resulted in Langport being all out without scoring a run.

Reading cricket's scoring and statistical information
Cricket scorecards, as shown on TV, in addition to presenting the number of runs scored by both teams, will show:
 * Number of wickets lost (outs) per team
 * Number of overs and balls (pitches) faced per team

For individual players:
 * Batsmen will have their contributions represented as "Runs scored (Balls faced)", so 30 (20) means 30 runs from 20 balls.
 * Bowlers will have "Wickets taken-Runs conceded (Overs and balls bowled)", so 3-21 (5.2) means 3 wickets taken, 21 runs conceded, and 5 overs plus 2 balls bowled.

Batting partnerships:

Cricket statistics===