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Internet Connections and Cables Between Continents
Internet connections between the USA, Europe, and other continents are primarily facilitated by submarine communication cables. These cables are crucial for global internet infrastructure, enabling high-speed data transmission across vast distances under the ocean.

Historical Background
The first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid in 1858, marking the beginning of intercontinental communication. With the advent of the internet, the need for more robust and higher-capacity cables became evident. The first transatlantic fiber optic cable, TAT-8, was laid in 1988, that increased the bandwidth available for communication between the USA and Europe.

Major Submarine Cables
Several major submarine cables connect the USA, Europe, and other continents. Some of the most significant ones include:


 * Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1):** Commissioned in 1998, AC-1 connects the USA to Europe and has landing points in the USA, the UK, Germany, and the Netherlands.


 * Marea: A transatlantic cable completed in 2017, connecting Virginia Beach, USA, to Bilbao, Spain. It is one of the highest capacity cables, with a design capacity of 160 terabits per second (Tbps).
 * Hibernia Express: Launched in 2015, it connects the USA, Canada, Ireland, and the UK, providing low-latency communication suitable for financial transactions.

Technological Advancements
Advancements in fiber optic technology have significantly improved the capacity and reliability of submarine cables.