User:Grover cleveland/History/British Home Championship

British Home Championship

 * Here's some more information I've found in newspaper archives:


 * Hazell's Cyclopaedia (1888) lists results of individual matches but nothing for the overall "championship": https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13887/page/n235
 * Ditto Boy's Own Paper: https://archive.org/details/boysownpaper118unse/page/124
 * British Almanac 1891 (describing 1890 matches): only descriptions of individual matches: no "championship:. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090350042?urlappend=%3Bseq=378
 * 1890: NO article mentions any championship. Most call it the "last international match of the season" or similar: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000076/18900407/012/0003
 * ** Hazell's Annual 1891: only individual matches: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89094367331?urlappend=%3Bseq=285
 * In rugby, a league table is present in 1891 here: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000273/18910422/023/0003


 * 1891: VERY detailed article says nothing about championship. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000986/18910406/043/0005
 * Can find no implication of a "championship" this year.
 * :* The decisive England v. Scotland match of the 1891 season is described as a "friendly"
 * Hazell's Annual 1892 (covering 1891): "although England had an exceptionally successful season, winning all three matches [but no mention of championship]" https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951002481791v
 * British Almanac 1892 (covering 1891): only individual matches: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090350059?urlappend=%3Bseq=380
 * 1892: "on the result of the match in question the championship depended" (in comparison with rugby, so perhaps concept of championship borrowed from rugby?) https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18920404/082/0007
 * Still no "championship" in British Almanac: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090350067?urlappend=%3Bseq=385
 * Still no "championship" in Hazell's Annual: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951002481792t?urlappend=%3Bseq=306
 * 1893: "Rugby Football International Championship" https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18940407/010/0002
 * The phrase "International Association Championship" is used in 1892-3 https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000079/18930402/070/0016


 * Still no championship in Hazell's: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89094367364?urlappend=%3Bseq=283
 * Still no championship in British Almanac: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015065124094?urlappend=%3Bseq=386
 * 1894:
 * The first reference I can find describing the tournament as an "international championship" is from 1894 . The phrase "international championship" was used earlier of the rugby competition that is today the Six Nations (from 1891).
 * No "championship" in British Almanac: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015065124086?urlappend=%3Bseq=377
 * No "championship" in Hazell's: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924106532421?urlappend=%3Bseq=320
 * "International championship" (lower-case) 1895: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001965/18950406/107/0005
 * First mention of a points system with 2 points for a win and 1 for a draw:
 * First(?) league table for association football:


 * see also https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960406/065/0003
 * 1896: Whitaker's Almanac "Retrospect of Sport" treats international matches individually: https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TUMsAAAAMAAJ/page/n653
 * "Saturday's Football: International Championship" 1897: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000332/18970405/040/0003
 * Book of the Year 1897: crucial game described simply as "Scotland beats England 2 goals to one" https://archive.org/details/bookofyear1897ch00rout/page/114
 * 1897 Whitaker: just separate matches: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924106537420?urlappend=%3Bseq=652
 * Sunlight Year book 1897: https://archive.org/details/b21777615/page/412 List games: no table or champion
 * "England wins the International Championship" 1898: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000079/18980403/100/0024
 * 1898:
 * No "championship" in Hazell's Annual: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.a0003973815?urlappend=%3Bseq=282
 * No "championship" in British Almanac: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015065124052?urlappend=%3Bseq=341 (note coverage is reduced)
 * Whitaker: "England ... looked all over the winner of the international championship". https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090385220?urlappend=%3Bseq=644
 * "International Championship of Associationism" 1899: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000272/18990407/091/0005
 * 1899: Shearman, Football: History lists international matches separately. No mention of overall championship, even though FA Cup, League champions are listed.
 * 1899: Whitaker: "International matches resulted in a rather easy triumph for England". Includes table: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090385337?urlappend=%3Bseq=655
 * "International Championship" 1900: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000711/19000402/131/0005
 * "British International Championship" from 1900: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001876/19000409/007/0001
 * 1900: Hazell: nothing https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t9p30tj6h?urlappend=%3Bseq=282
 * 1900: Hazell: nothing as usual: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t0gt8w10n?urlappend=%3Bseq=286
 * 1901: Hazell: nothing as usual: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3127296?urlappend=%3Bseq=303
 * 1902: Whitaker: England "managed to regain her position as leading country in International competitions": no explicit championship. Includes table with points: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015065354303?urlappend=%3Bseq=677
 * 1902: Daily Mail Year Book: no mention of championship but Ireland won "wooden spoon": https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b746982?urlappend=%3Bseq=345
 * 1902: Hazell: Nothing as usual: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d003829993?urlappend=%3Bseq=319
 * 1904: still no championship in Hazell: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951002481802g?urlappend=%3Bseq=744
 * 1905; daily Mail Year Book: England "earned top place in the comparative table ... with five points". No "championship" or actual table printed.  https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b746992?urlappend=%3Bseq=416
 * 1905: Whitaker's Almanac: England "gained premier honour in the international matches". League table.
 * 1906: still no championship in Hazell: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3127301?urlappend=%3Bseq=626
 * 1907: Whitaker's Almanac England retains the International Championship (includes points table): https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112051406384?urlappend=%3Bseq=676
 * 1908: Table (including points): "Sports and Athletics in 1907-8": https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112088954117?urlappend=%3Bseq=263
 * FIRST RETROSPECTIVE CHAMPIONSHIP TO 1884: "International champions from 1884": https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112088954117?urlappend=%3Bseq=263
 * 1911 table with points: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000038/19110403/081/0004
 * Title "Association International Championship"
 * 1912: "Champions of 1912 -- England and Scotland (tie)". https://archive.org/details/sportingchroni3637191lond/page/156
 * 1913: "Champions of 1913 - England". https://archive.org/details/sportingchronic383919lond/page/n197?q=%221884+scotland%22+%221888+england%22
 * 1934 "international championship": https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000733/19350410/143/0014
 * 1934 "honours of the campaign": https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19350409/329/0011
 * But not regularly used until the trophy was made in 1935.
 * Description of trophy: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000748/19350701/297/0013


 * Resolution for a "Conference of Association Secretaries" to schedule each season passed at FA 1880 AGM (initially only regional secretaries within England). https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000250/18800228/132/0006
 * England v Scotland every year since 1872.
 * Scotland v Wales since 1876.
 * England v Wales since 1879.
 * England v (Northern) Ireland since 1882.
 * Wales v (Northern) Ireland since 1882.
 * Scotland v (Northern) Ireland since 1884.


 * 1882 Conference held on 1882-04-25. Included Wales but not other nations.  Discussed need for regularity in throw-in and offside between England and Scotland.  Produced near-complete schedule of international matches (but missing Scotland v Ireland).  https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002446/18820429/228/0037
 * 1883 conference: 1883-04-17 again all matches including Scotland v Ireland: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000250/18830418/064/0004
 * https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18830421/208/0008
 * 1886: Still "conference of football secretaries" separate from IFAB: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000033/18860329/026/0007
 * 1887: "Association football conference" in March (separate from IFAB): https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000726/18870319/069/0004

Table of fixtures
All six fixtures continued to be played in January - April in every year until the First World War.

1879

 * ENG-SCO 5-4
 * ENG-WAL 2-1
 * SCO-WAL 3-0
 * ENG 4
 * SCO 2
 * WAL 0

1880

 * ENG-SCO 4-5
 * ENG-WAL 3-2
 * SCO-WAL 5-1
 * SCO 4
 * ENG 2
 * WAL 0

1881

 * ENG-SCO 1-6
 * ENG-WAL 0-1
 * SCO-WAL 5-1
 * SCO 4
 * WAL 2
 * ENG 0

1882

 * ENG-SCO 1-5
 * ENG-WAL 3-5
 * SCO-WAL 5-0
 * SCO 4
 * WAL 2
 * ENG 0

1883

 * ENG-SCO 2-3
 * ENG-WAL 5-0
 * SCO-WAL 3-0
 * SCO 4
 * ENG 2
 * WAL 0

NAME

 * Before 1935 / trophy: ad-hoc names used -- e.g. "International Championship".
 * "British International Championship" established in 1935-6 (with trophy).
 * "British Home Championship" not heard before 1967, even then a poor second to "British International Championship"


 * IFAB 1951: "International Matches in the British Championship Series
 * IFAB 1957: "British International Championship"
 * IFAB 1958: "the British Championships"
 * IFAB 1960: "British International Championship"
 * IFAB 1961: "British International Championship"
 * IFAB 1968: "the British Championship "