User:Gruebleener/Human-oriented sexualism

Human-oriented sexualism is the concept that sexual attraction towards flesh-and-blood human is "normal" sexuality. This is the term used to describe the marginalization of fictosexuality. The sexuality attracted to real human is called "human-oriented sexuality." While the concept is raised from fictosexuality studies in Japan, it is now being discussed in research outside of Japan and in areas other than fictosexuality studies.

Etymology and background
Human-oriented sexuality is the term used to describe the sexual majority attracted to flesh-and-blood people. This term emerged from grassroots usage among those who prefer two-dimensional sexual creations like manga and anime, yet lack sexual attraction to flesh-and-blood individuals. Based on this premise, the term "human-oriented sexualism" was coined, prompting inquiries into institutions, customs, and value judgments rooted in human-oriented sexuality.

Two-dimensional characters are not representations of humans but belong to a distinct category of entities separate from humans. Sexuality attracted to two-dimensional characters represents an alternative "sexual orientation," distinct from attraction to flesh-and-blood humans. However, under human-oriented sexualism, such sexuality is often rendered invisible.

Activism
An organization that critiques human-oriented sexualism is the Taiwan Entrepot of Fictosexuality, a Taiwanese fictosexual activist organization. Discussions and movements criticizing human-oriented sexualism are aligned with solidarity with feminism and LGBTQ rights, while simultaneously raising criticisms of human-oriented sexualism within feminist and queer circles. Additionally, it has been noted that movements opposing restrictions on two-dimensional sexual creations, such as manga and anime, also serve as a critique against the human-oriented sexualist legal system.

Queer studies
According to queer theorist Yuu Matsuura, human-oriented sexualism is closely related to heteronormativity. Human-oriented sexualism erases the possibility of segmenting sexuality in ways other than the "heterosexual/homosexual" category, thus serving as a precondition for the exclusion of homosexuality. Heteronormativity is positioned as a combination of gender binarism and human-oriented sexualism. Furthermore, it has been observed that human-oriented sexualism shares roots with transphobia, operating within the same structural framework.

Fan or otaku
In the field of research on otaku and manga studies, there exists a lineage of debates that contest human-oriented sexualism. Matsuura cites examples such as the "ethics of moe" proposed by Patrick W. Galbraith, the feminist analysis of yaoi by Yukari Fujimoto, the concept of "multiple orientations" advanced by Tamaki Saitō, and Elizabeth Miles' investigation into sexual desire for two dimensional characters as a "third sexual orientation." In philosopher Haruka Tsutsui's study of "Oshi," the potential for non-human-oriented sexuality is discussed as a potential subversion of patriarchal sexual norms facilitated by fan activities.

Obscenity law
Research on the distribution of obscene materials expresses concerns regarding the regulation of two-dimensional sexual creations. Applying the same logic as that used for regulating the public display of genitalia and sexual acts of real people would imply that two-dimensional sexual expressions are unconditionally considered representations of real flesh and blood. Consequently, two-dimensional sexual expressions might be interpreted as stimulating the desire for sexual intercourse with real people.

Similarly, Matsuura's research on child pornography regulations has criticized the inclusion of two-dimensional sexual creations within such regulations. This criticism arises from the perception that such inclusion aligns with an ethical judgment rooted in human-oriented sexuality, as it implicitly disregards the ontological difference between humans and two-dimensional characters.

Intimacy and family
The notion that intimate or familial relationships with non-humans, such as AI, robots, and pets, are considered inferior to relationships between humans is discussed as a manifestation of human-oriented sexualism.