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 * 1) Genomics/Ecology -
 * 2) With respect to the ecology of the genus DeinococcusDeinococcus''. {{Cite journal|last=Podstawka|first=Adam|title=10.13145/bacdive3869.20171208.2.1 {{!}} BacDive|url=http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php? most of the species are able to live under increased levels of radiation and desiccation (Kim et.al.). Deinococcus  have also shown the ability to precipitate heavy metals and toxins from nuclear waste in order to make removal easier (Appukuttan et al. 2006). It is known that the growth optimum of Deinococcus marmoris is 15 degrees celcius which makes it a psychrophile and it is also known that the organism was isolated from a marble slab off of King George's Island(Hirsch et.al.). Currently the only known location of Dienococcus marmoris is in Antarctica where it was originally sampled (Hirsch et.al.).

The genome sequence of Dienococcus marmoris was shown to have 5,027 protein coding sequences, a GC content of 64.1% and a total of 5,286,835 base pairs (Kim et.al.). Kim et.al. sequenced the genome by using Illumina sequencing and assembled it using Ray Meta. The process of Illumina sequencing was mentioned earlier during isolation. However, Ray Meta was used to assemble the sequence by profiling microbiomes and since Deinococcus marmoris has a large sequence it was suitable since Ray Meta can process large and complex datasets (Boisvert et.al.).


 * 1) Importance/Relevance-
 * 2) When measuring the GC content Kim et.al. concluded that it was 64.1% which is high for an organism. This begs the question though as to why if Deinococcus marimoris has a high GC content that its growth optima is at 15 degrees celcius (Hirsh et.al.)? This could be useful for studying the other purposes of the GC content or what factors could be leading to Deinococcus marimoris not being able to survive higher temperatures as its growth optima as its GC content would suggest. Other reasons why we should pay particular attention to Deinococcus marimoris is because it has a similar sequence size to Escherichia coli. This can be particularly useful because it opens the opportunity of Deinococcus marimoris to becoming a model organism for environmental conditions that call for low temperatures and high radiation. The sole reason that it could be considered for use as a model organism is based on the fact of its small genome size like that of E. coli, however, more research must be done on it’s sequence to fully understand the organism before manipulating its genome.

Appukuttan, D., Rao, A. S., & Apte, S. K. (2007). Engineering of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 for Bioprecipitation of Uranium from Dilute Nuclear Waste. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(4), 1393-1393. doi:10.1128/aem.02902-06

Asker, Dalal, et al. “Deinococcus misasensis and Deinococcus roseus, novel members of the genus Deinococcus, isolated from a radioactive site in Japan.” Systematic and Applied Microbiology, Urban & Fischer, 21 Dec. 2007, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0723202007001294.

S. Boisvert, F. Raymond, E. Godzaridis, F. Laviolette, J. CorbeilRay Meta: scalable de novo metagenome assembly and profiling. Genome Biol., 13 (12) (2012), p. R122

EMBL-EBI. “Deinococcus sp. AA1444 16S rRNA gene, strain AA1444.” The European Bioinformatics Institute, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/AJ585984.

Gerber, E., Bernard, R., Castang, S., Chabot, N., Coze, F., Dreux-Zigha, A., … Leonetti, J.-P. (2015). Deinococcus as new chassis for industrial biotechnology: biology, physiology and tools. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 119(1), 1–10. http://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12808.

Ghosal, D., Omelchenko, M. V., Gaidamakova, E. K., Matrosova, V. Y., Vasilenko, A., Venkateswaran, A., Zhai, M., Kostandarithes, H. M., Brim, H., Makarova, K. S., Wackett, L. P., Fredrickson, J. K. and Daly, M. J. (2005), How radiation kills cells: Survival of Deinococcus radiodurans and Shewanella oneidensis under oxidative stress⋆. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 29: 361–375. doi:10.1016/j.fmrre.2004.12.007

Hirsch, P, et al. “Deinococcus frigens sp. nov., Deinococcus saxicola sp. nov., and Deinococcus marmoris sp. nov., low temperature and draught-Tolerating, UV-Resistant bacteria from continental Antarctica.” Systematic and applied microbiology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Nov. 2004, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15612620.

Podstawka, Adam. “Deinococcus marmoris Hirsch, et al. 2006.” BacDive | The Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase,

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