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Introduction
Domestic violence refers to the abusive physically overwhelmingly behavior that occur between a married or unmarried/intimate partners. It is a pattern of behavior that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner or family member. Domestic violence is the most common human rights abuse in the United States, and includes physical violence, threats, emotional abuse, harassment or stalking to control the behavior of the partner or former partner. It may include shoving, pushing, grabbing, pulling or forcing someone against their will. Domestic violence affects people from all walks of life, irrespective gender, age, race, religion, ethnic, or economic status. Though is more common among same-sex couples. Despite the intimate nature of most relationships between couples, committing physical violence against someone is a felony .Very few people who cannot recognize themselves as abusers or victims. Many consider their experiences as family disputes that got out of control .The U.S. Department of Justice has established that one in four women, at some point in her life, is a victim of domestic violence. Actual numbers may be twice as high these estimate are based on the women who report abuse.

History
Domestic Violence was once codified as law. Rome and under the laws of Chastisement, wife beating by stick or belt was accepted by the authorities during the early 1500s. However, in 1782, the English Common Law changed to "The Rule of Thumb", which meant that the husband was allowed to hit his wife, but with a stick no thicker than his thumb. In 1882, Maryland became the first state to pass a law mandating that wife-beating was a crime and the husband could receive 40 lashes or one year jail time as a punishment.

Why Domestic Violence Occurs?
Although there is no one specific reason for domestic violence, some people are more prone to violent behavior. Those partners who lack power will be more inclined to physically abuse in order to gain power. The existence of disproportionate power within the relationship permits the batterer to recognize him or herself as dominating the other and then abuse behaviors begin to display in the relationship. As these power relationships polarize over time, the dominated individual in the relationship becomes gradually dependent on the dominator. The victim is deeply obliged for slight kindness displayed to him/her by the abuser, denies his/her own anger, and often sees the world from the abusers perspective. The incident of domestic violence can greatly increase for women in relationships with men who abuse drugs and alcohol. The social construction of a patriarchy that results in this thirst for control due to fear of being emasculated, generally, the fear formed from domestic violence turns the batterer extremely jealous, passive, impulsive, hot tempered, often verbally abusive, and diminishes their respect for women. In most cases they cannot even see them as human beings.

The Power and Control Wheel
Acceding to National Center of Domestic and Sexual Violence, abusers use variety over forms and methods of violence to gain and maintain power to control their victims. Some of the most common methods are: 1) Using Intimidation to gain control over the victim by degrading his or her physical appearance, smashing things, destroying possessions/ property or displaying weapons. 2) Using Emotional Abuse method involves name calling, refusing to talk to the victim, playing mind games, humiliation, and making him or her feel guilty. 3) Using Isolation is controlling what the victim does, limiting his or her outside movements and using jealousy to justify actions. 4) Using Minimizing, Denying, and Blaming is another form of abuse, for instance, making light of the abuse and not taking his or her concerns seriously, saying the abuse did not happen, shifting responsibility for abusive behavior and pointing blame for the cause of it. 5) Using Children as a form of abuse is very serious to most women, making them feel guilty about their children, using the children to relay messages and threatening to take the children away from her. 6) Using Male Privilege is a method for treating the victim like a servant, being the one who defines men’s and women’s gender roles, acting like the king of the castle, and the one who makes all the decisions. 7) Using Economic Abuse is another frightening type, includes preventing the victim from getting or keeping a job, not letting him or her know about or have access to family/ joint income and expenses. 8) Using Coercion and Threats is the most dangerous form of abuse. The abuser is making and /or carrying out threats to do something to hurt the victim if he or she does not comply.

Cycle of Domestic Violence
First comes the tension-building phase, followed by an abusive incident, and then a “honeymoon” phase when the abuser is plentifully apologetic. As time goes on, the “honeymoon” stage becomes shorter and shorter. Although, the victim desires the relationship to stay in the “honeymoon” phase, it rarely works that way.

Biological Issue as Perpetrator and Victim
Domestic violence may associate with childhood trauma that causes adult re-victimization. Severe experiences that happened to the abuser during his adulthood may turn a man to an abuser. Also, women who are physically and sexually abused in childhood are at higher risk of re-victimization in adulthood.

Prevention
Advocates, domestic violence problem is relying on the criminal justice system to find solutions to woman abuse. Many scholars identify that the safety of abused women and their children is crucial and it must be the primary concern of policy makers.

On Responders
Victims of domestic violence often do not receive the care they need in hospitals/ judicial setting. .

Feminist Perspective on Domestic Violence
Feminism is a variety of movements and ideologies that share a common goal. Advocates of feminist movement in the United States have worked even longer history in some European countries, especially in France. Their goal is to achieve, define, and establish equal personal, political, cultural, economic, and social rights for all. Free from hating men or discriminating against men. The First-wave feminism period was a series of feminist activity that occurred within the time period of the 19th and early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on legal issues on gaining women's suffrage, primarily the right to vote .Feminist theories of domestic violence emphasize that patriarchal structures of gender-based inequalities of power in society are at the basis of the problem. Domestic violence is not an individual psychological matter, but instead is an expression of male domination of females embedded in the structure of society.

Legislator - Violence against Women Act
The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA) is a United States federal law signed by President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1994. The Act provided $1.6 billion toward investigation and prosecution of violent crimes against women, imposed involuntary and mandatory restitution on those convicted, and permitted civil redress in cases prosecutors chose to leave un-prosecuted. Additionally, the Act established the Office on Violence Against Women within the Department of Justice. With support from a broad coalition of advocacy groups, VAWA was drafted by the office of Vice President Joe Biden. Vice President Joe Biden for more than 20 years has been fighting to abolish violence against women in the United States. In the 1990s, as a senator, he composed the ground-breaking Violence against Women Act, which significantly altered how the U.S. responded to domestic violence and sexual assault, particularity in the U.S. college campuses. 11. The Violence against Women Act reauthorized three times. The law came with a sense of security that women won’t be abused again by the system. Because suitable punishments are being enforced, fewer women are abused. Currently, the level of reporting violence is higher than it was in the past 20 years. Hotlines are now available for victims throughout the United States. Victims can call the national hotline, toll-free; 24 hours. According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, monthly, 22,000 calls are received from victims.