User:Gstew42/sandbox

Article Evaluation -- Female Genital Mutilation in the United States

Overall, I think this was a well-written article. I was left with few questions, but wanting more information about some of the specific cases that were mentioned. In the Talk page of this article, no horribly negative comments were left. The commenters just left more links that could be added to further explain the topic.

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?

Yes, everything in this article is relevant to the topic. Nothing was too off topic for it to distract me.

Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?

The article does lean more to the opinion that female genital mutilation is bad and needs to be addressed as a crime globally. The article mentions that some democrats in the U.S are fighting to make female genital mutilation illegal in all 50 states, which is a fact, but they do not mention whether on not there is a group advocating for female genital mutilation. The bias is subtle, but it is definitely there.

Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?

Female genital mutilation still happens in the world, so it's evident that someone thinks there is nothing wrong with it. The views of these people are not represented in the article.

Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?

The links do work and they do support the claims in the article.

Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

All of the facts are referenced with good sources. The information comes from some government websites, and some are official court records. But, a few of the websites used as references are websites that are fighting to end female genital mutilation, so that information is biased. The bias is not addressed, the information is just being used as facts.

Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

No, the information is very up to date. The most recent event that is mentioned in the article is April 2017.

Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?

In the talk page of the article, the only conversations going on are about changing a few links and adding more information about specific instances.

How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?

The article is not a part of any WikiProjects. This article is rated pretty well, just mentioning that it may need to elaborate on some things. No major changes.

How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

We have not talked about this topic in class.

My Topic - White Feminism

I have decided to do my Wikipedia project on the topic of "White Feminism". The article is just stating that white women try to help white women and aren't too concerned when it comes to other intersectional women. When adding to this article, I am going to focus on the aspect of black women's exclusion in feminist movements (both historical and contemporary). When I was reading this article, I noticed that none of the facts were talked about in depth much - just glossed over. So, I want to add specific examples of black women that have been excluded from the movements due to race.

White Feminism is relevant to human rights because it's 1) addressing women's rights and fighting for gender equality 2) addressing the LACK of a voice that black, Muslim, trans ,and other oppressed women have within the feminist movement. I think when a lot of people think of feminism, they are not thinking of all the divisions within the large, umbrella feminist movement. How many voices are being excluded from this vastly important movement and I think some other people's stories need to be included in this article.

Carby, Hazel V. “White Woman Listen!” Black British Culture And Society, pp. 82–88., doi:10.4324/9780203360644_chapter_7.

Kitzinger, Celia, and Sue Wilkinson. “Theorizing Representing the Other.” Celia Kitzinger & Sue Wilkinson, Theorizing Representing the Other - PhilPapers, 1              Jan. 1996, philpapers.org/rec/KITTRT.

Dorey-Stein, Caroline, et al. “A Brief History: The Three Waves of Feminism.” Progressive Women's Leadership, 24 Sept. 2015, www.progressivewomensleadership.com/a-brief-history-the-three-waves-of-feminism/.

Theriault, Anne. “The White Feminist Savior Complex.” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 23 Jan. 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/anne-theriault-/the-white-feminist-savior_b_4629470.html.

Article Outline: White Women Listen!: Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood

Carby, Hazel V. “White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood.” The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain, 1982, pp. 212–235.

I. Introduction

-The history of black women and black women in history are not talked about, so the true historical struggles of black women are not widely known.

-Black women have historically been viewed as a different "kind/type" of woman than white women.

-The same "womanhood" that white women are seen to have, has been denied to black women. Sojourner Truth was quoted for this. Truth mentioned how she was never helped over puddles, helped out of carriages, and she never had any doors opened for her. Black women and white women were never just treated equally.

'''-White women were always seen as delicate and needed to stay at home, not work, and just take care of the kids. However, it was perfectly okay for black women to work 7 days a week, come home and take care of her kids and husband, then take care of the house.'''

-White women are not understanding of people's cultures. For example, because arranged marriages are not a part of their culture, they see it as an issue. Because they see it as an issue, they think they are protecting the women of those cultures by speaking out against arranged marriages. But, the women involved feel as if they don't need protection because that's all they know and they are fine with it.

II. Argument

-Carby is arguing that white women don't even understand the history of black women being oppressed all over the world and they haven't really done anything to stop that oppression. But, they want to speak on behalf of those women and "save" them from their cultures that they don't necessarily want to be saved from. They want to speak on behalf of folks without even understanding the history of the struggle.

III. How It Applies

'''-This applies to my topic of white feminism because it explains from a black woman's perspective why they feel that white feminists are not truly helping their cause when it comes to them being oppressed because they are focused on the wrong things. Also, other than trying to "save" black women, the white feminists are not trying to include women of color in their issues. Women of color are not included in their fights for more rights. They are just really selective in when they include black women/women of color in their fights and that's really what white feminism is.'''

IV. Conclusion

-Carby concludes saying that black feminists do not want to be included in the feminist movement as tokens - but actually, genuinely included. They want to be heard by the movement and apart of it. Her last sentence is really powerful and really does a good job of summing everything up. Carby said, "In other words, of white feminists we must ask, what exactly do you mean when you say 'we'?"

Contribution Outline: Contributing to White Feminism

I. What Info is Already on the Article

- There are currently three sections is this article - 1. White Feminism in Early Feminism 2. White Feminism in Modern Feminism and 3. White Feminism in Present-Day Feminism.

- The Early Feminism tab mainly talks about early feminists fighting for the right to vote in the early 1900s. It talks about two well known feminists, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony prioritizing white women in the US getting the right to vote over black men getting the right to vote - thus not being as inclusive as they boasted.

- It also mentions that Stanton and Anthony were very publicly known to be against black people and non-white people getting equal rights...they just wanted to make sure that they and their fellow white women friends got the rights that they wanted.

- The Modern Feminism tab is focused on the fact that the movement is/was led and controlled by middle-class, educated white women. They only focus/ed on issues that pertain to them - thus not being very inclusive of all women.

- It also mentions how bell hooks has written about how white women need to realize that they can be just as much of an oppressor as their male counterparts.

- The Present-Day tab focuses on the fact that current white feminists say that they focus on intersectional issues - but they really don't. They still focus on issues that will directly effect them.

- The main difference I see in this section from the rest of the sections is that in this section, issues of Muslim women and issues of oil pipelines, Palestine and Israel, sexual harassment, and discrimination at the job is all mentioned.

- Emily Shire is cited in this section. She has stated that she feels that feminism should not include political views, but no one is excluded due to differing political opinions.

II. Main Points to be Added

- I think the history/background of the root causes of where White Feminism comes from need to be added, so I need to talk about the historic perception of black women and how they are/have not viewed the same as white women (specifics are in my article outline).

- Examples need to be added. The lack of examples in the article only gives you a vague idea of what is going on, but I think examples could help people really understand the severity of this.

- I am going to focus on black women's exclusion from the feminist movement, but this article is very black and white (meaning that they talk about white women being against black women). So, I will look to see if I can find enough sources discussing other marginalized women's exclusion from the feminist movements, I will add some things on that as well. (JUST AN IDEA)

III. What Sources will be Used

- Carby, Hazel V. “White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood.” The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain, 1982, pp. 212–235.

- Jailani, Yusuf. “The Struggle of the Veiled Woman.” White Savior Complex and Rising Islamophobia Create a Two-Fold Plight | Harvard International Review, 27 Apr. 2016, hir.harvard.edu/article/?a=13170.

- Rampton, Martha. “Four Waves of Feminism.” Four Waves of Feminism | Pacific University, 25 Oct. 2015, www.pacificu.edu/about-us/news-events/four-waves-feminism.

- Hemmings, Clare. “Telling Feminist Stories.” Feminist Theory, vol. 6, 2005, pp. 115–139., doi:10.1177/1464700105053690.

 Contribution Draft 

Contribution to the 1st Section: In Early Feminism

-The first wave of feminism emerged out of an environment of urban industrialism and liberal, socialist politics and the goal of this wave was to open up opportunities for women, with a focus on suffrage.

-This wave officially started after Seneca Falls.

Rampton, Martha. “Four Waves of Feminism.” Four Waves of Feminism | Pacific University, 25 Oct. 2015, www.pacificu.edu/about-us/news-events/four-waves-feminism.

* ''After further reading the White Feminism article, I think it may be beneficial to combine the "In Modern Feminism" and "In Present-Day Feminism" sections. They are speaking on the same window of time and I do not think that it makes much sense to break them up. I think I should start my own section called "Background". This section will go before the "In Early Feminism". This article fails to address the historical ties to white feminism.* (I like the addition of the Background section; I think "early" and "modern" are bad titles; personally I would keep the intention of the first author by leaving the sections, but then have subsequent sections that are 1st wave, 2nd wave and present)''

Background Section:

Over the past 400+ years in predominantly white societies, issues of/with black women have continuously not been talked about, so the true historical struggles of black women are not widely known. Black women have always been viewed as a different "kind/type" of woman than white women. White women in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were not expected to work and were just expected to stay at home and take care of the kids and the house because they were always seen as too delicate to go out and work a job. But, black women were expected to work all day, come home and cook, then take care of the kids and the house. Society never let black women be as "feminine" or delicate as white women, so they always had to carry a heavier social workload. This is how black women have been perceived since the 1700s during slavery, so by the time the first wave of feminism came around, black women and their issues were not included in the feminist movement. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony prioritized their suffrage over black men, so black women were not even a consideration to receive suffrage. (Can you add about women being denied inclusion in the 14th & 15th ammendments despite their work in abolition as a point of split??) Now, in these third and fourth waves of feminism, it is nice (w.c) to say that black women are treated the same as white women, but this is not always the case. Within the feminist movements, white women are overall still at the forefront and still discuss issues that directly affect them. So, the issues that are specific to minority women are still being pushed to the side as they were in the first wave of feminism.

Carby, Hazel V. “White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood.” The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain, 1982, pp. 212–235.

 Response to Peer Review 

I will be contributing to the pre-existing White Feminism article. There are already 3 sections that make up this article and I plan to add to them and create new sections of my own.

Contribution to the 1st Section: First Wave

-The first wave of feminism emerged out of an environment of urban industrialism and liberal, socialist politics and the goal of this wave was to open up opportunities for women, with a focus on suffrage.

-This wave officially started after Seneca Falls.

''I am going to add my Background section and change the titles of the other sections to First Wave, Second Wave, and Present. I don't think that the information needs to be deleted, but I just think the titles are just bad and vague.''

-citation to add to the new Present tab.

Background Section:

Over the past 400+ years, in predominantly white societies, issues with black women have continuously not been talked about, so the true historical struggles of black women are not widely known. African American women have always been viewed as a different "kind/type" of woman than American white women. White women in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were not expected to work and were just expected to stay at home and take care of the kids and the house because they were always seen as too delicate to go out and work a job. But, black women were expected to work all day, come home and cook, then take care of the kids and the house. Society never let black women be seen as "feminine" or delicate as white women, so they always had to carry a heavier social workload. This is how black women have been perceived since the 1700s during slavery, so by the time the first wave of feminism came around, black women and their issues were not included in the feminist movement. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony prioritized their suffrage over black men, so black women were not even a consideration to receive suffrage. This is all ironic due to women being excluded from the Fourteenth Amendment and the Fifteenth Amendment then the feminists started to exclude other marginalized groups from getting the same rights that they fought for. Now, in these third and fourth waves of feminism, it is okay to say that black women are treated the same as white women, but this is just not always the case. Within the feminist movements, white women are overall still at the forefront and still discuss issues that directly affect them. So, the issues that are specific to minority women are still being pushed to the side as they were in the first wave of feminism.